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the smallest unit of life; basic unit of all living things
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Cell
the smallest unit of life; basic unit of all living things
Plasma membrane
a thin membrane around the outside of a cell
Nucleus
a part of the cell containing DNA and RNA and responsible for growth and reproduction
Chromosome
a long, single molecule of DNA
Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA)
the genetic material of all living things
Mitochondria
an organelle; site where sugar is converted to energy
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
an organelle; makes and transports many proteins and lipids in the cell
Ribosome
an organelle; uses mRNA to make protein
Cell Wall
a stiff covering outside the cell membranes of plant, fungi and bacterial cells
Cellular Transport
movement of molecules across the cell membrane
Diffusion
the movement of molecules from a higher concentration to a lower concentration
Osmosis
the movement of water from areas of lower solute concentration to higher solute concentration
Passive Transport
movement of molecules across the cell membrane that does not require the cell to use energy
Active Transport
movement of molecules across the cell membrane that requires the cell to use energy
Photosynthesis
the process by which plants use the energy in sunlight to convert carbon dioxide and water to glucose (sugar) and oxygen
Cellular Respiration
the process by which all cells release the energy stored in glucose (sugar) and convert it to a form the cell can use
Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)
cellular currency; carries energy that the cell can use
Adenosine Diphosphate (ADP)
cellular currency; with the addition of a phosphate group can carry energy for the cell
Chloroplast
an organelle; performs photosynthesis; found in plants and photosynthetic bacteria
Mitochondrion (pl: Mitochondria)
an organeel; performs cellular respiration; found only in eukaryotes
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