Rhetorical And Stylistic Devices Flashcard

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Ad hominem

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Latin for "against the man." When a writer personally attacks his or her opponents instead of their arguements

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Ad hominem

Latin for "against the man." When a writer personally attacks his or her opponents instead of their arguements

Allegory

A story or visual image with a second distict meaning partially hidden behind its literal or visible meaning

Alliteration

the repetition of the same sounds--usually initial consonants of words

assonance

the repetition of identical or similar vowel sounds in the syllables of neighboring words

consonance

the repetition of identical or similar consonants in neighboring words whose vowel sounds are usually different

allusion

an indirect or passing reference to some event, person, place, or artistic work, the nature and relevance of which is not explained by the writer but relies on the reader's familiarity with what is thus mentioned

anachrony

a term used in modern narratology to denote a discrepancy between the order in which events of the story occur and teh order in which they are present to us in the plot

analepsis

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prolepsis

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anadiplosis

repeats the last word of one phrase, clause, or sentence at or very near the beginning of the next. it can be generated in series for the sake of beauty or to give a sense of logical progression; used for emphasis of the repeated word or idea, since repetition has a reinforcing effect

analogy

illustration of an idea by means of a more familiar idea that is similar or parallel to it in some significant features

anaphora

a rhetorical figure of repetition in which the same word of phrase is repeated in (and usually at the beginning of) successive lines, clauses, or sentences

epistrophe

a rhetorical figure by which tghe same word or phrase is repeated at the end of successive sentences

anti-hero

a central character in a dramatic or narrative work who lacks the qualities of nobility and magnanimity expected of traditional heroes in romances and epics

antimetabole

reversing the order of repeated words or phrases (a loosely chiastic structure, AB-BA) to intensify the final formulation, or present alternatvies, or to show contrast

aphorism

a statement of some general principle, expressed memorably by condensing much wisdom into few words

apology

in the literary sense, a justification or defense of the writer's opinions or conduct, not usually implying any admission of blame (as in the everyday use)

aporia

expresses doubt about an idea or conclusion; among its several uses are the suggesting of alternatives without making a commitment to either or any; such a statement of uncertainty can tie off a piece of discussion you do not have time to pursue, or it could begin an examination of the issue, and lead you into a conclusion resolving your doubt

aposiopesis

stopping abruptly and leaving a statement unfinished

apostrophe

a rhetorical figure in which the speaker addresses a dead or absent person, or an abstraction or inanimate object

asyndeton

a form of verbal compression which consists of the omission of connecting words between clauses; the most common form is the omission of "and," leaving on a sequence linked by commas

colloquialism

the use of informal expressions appropriate to everyday speech rather than to the formality of writing

comic relief

the interruption of a serious work by humor

conduplicatio

resembles anadiplosis in the repetition of a preceeding word, but it repeats a key word (not just the last word) from a preceeding phrase, clause, or sentence, at the beginning of the next

connotation

the range of further associations that a word or phrase suggests in addition to its straightforward dictionary meaning

denotation

dictionary definition

diacope

repetition of a word or phrase after an intervening word or phrase

diction

the choice of words used in a written work

didactic

a term used to discribe fiction or nonfiction that teaches a specific lesson or moral or provides a model of correct behavior or thinking

epanalepsis

repeats the beginning word of a clause or sentence at the end; the beginning and the end are the two positions of strongest emphasis in a sentence, so by having the same word in both places, you call special attention to it

hyperbole

extreme exaggeration

hypophora

consists of raising one or more questions and then proceeding to answer them, usually at some length; a common usage is to akst he question at the beginning of a paragraph and then use that paragraph to answer it

imagery

a rather vague critical term covering those uses of language in a work that evoke sense-impressions by literal or figurative reference to perceptible or "concrete" objects

irony

a subtly humorous perception of inconsistency

litotes

a figure of speech by which an affirmation is made indirectly by denying its opposite, usually with an effect of understatement

verbal irony

a discrepancy between what is said and what is really meant

situational irony

a discprenecy between what is thought to happen and what actually does

dramatic irony

when the audience knows more about a chacter's situation than the character does, foreseeing an outcome contrary to a character's expectations

logic

an implied comparision resulting when one thing is directly called another; to be logically acceptable, support must be appropriate to the claim, believable and consistent

meiosis

a rhetorical figure by which something is referred to in terms less important than it really deserves

metaphor

a comparison between two unlike things without using the words like or as

metonymy

a figure of speech that replaces the name of one thing with the name of something else closely associated with it

onomatopoeia

the use of words that seem to imitate the sounds they refer to

parallelism

the arrangement of similarly constructed clasues or sentences, in a pairing or other sequence suggesting some correspondence between them

paradox

a seemingly contradictory statement which is actually true; the rhetorical device is often used for emphasis or simply to attract attention

personification

a figure of speech by which inanimate objects are given humanlike characteristics

polysyndeton

a rhetorical device for the repeated use of conjuctions to link a succession of words, calsues, or sentences; often found in stream of consciousness

pun/double entendre

in rhetoric, dealign with one word that suggests two different meanings; often used for humor

rhetoric

the deliberate exploitation of eloquence for the most persuasive effect in public speaking or in writing

rhetorical question

a question asked for the sake of persuasive effect rather than a genuine request for information

satire

a mode of writing that exposes the failings of individuals, institutions, or societies to ridicule and scorn

simile

a comparison between two unlike things using the words "like" or "as"

syllogism

a form of logical argument that derives a conclusion from two propositions, sharing a common term; usually in this form: all x are y, z is x, therefore z is y

symbol

anything taht stands for or represents something else beyond it, usually an idea conventionally associated with it

theme

the central idea of a work, revealed and developed in the course of a story or explored through argument

tone

a writer's attitude toward his or her subject matter revealed through diction, figurative language, and organization on the sentence and global levels

simple sentence

a sentence with one independent clause and no dependent clauses

compound sentence

a sentence with multiple independent caluses but no depedent clauses

complex sentences

a sentence with one independent clause and at least one dependent clause

complex-compound sentence

a sentence with multiple independent clauses and at least one dependent clause

periodic sentence

a long and frequently involved sentence, marked by suspended syntax, in which the sense or meaning of the sentence is not completed until the final word

exclamatory sentence

any sentence expressing sudden emotion is generally called exclamatory, accompanied by an exclamatiion sign

declarative sentence

a sentence that makes a statement; ends with a period

interogative sentence

a sentence that asks a question; ends with a question mark

imperative sentence

a sentence that gives a command

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