PN 1300 Integumentary Flashcard | Flashcards-library.com

flashcard

1 / 69

Front

Protection

❮ prev next ❯

1 / 69

Back

#1 function of the skin

❮ prev next ❯

terms list

Protection

#1 function of the skin

Integumentary system

skin, hair, scalp, nails and mucous membranes

Skin also

regulates body temp, function as sensory organ, helps maintains fluid/electrolyte balance, produce Vitamin D, excrete certain waste products from body

Layers of skin

epidermis, dermis, subcutaneous tissue

Epidermis

squamous epithelial cells produce keratin (keratinocytes) , melanin (melanocytes)

Keratin

creates a barrier that repels bacteria and foreign matter and is impermeable to most substances; with increase friction areas (hands, feet) contain larger amounts of keratin creating thickened skin and callouses

Melanin

pigment that gives skin its color; includes moles and birthmarks (nevi); exposure to uv rays causes increase in production

Vitiligo

melanocytes are destroyed causing milk-white patches of depigmented skin surrounded by normal skin

Dermis

dense, irregular connective tissue, made of collagen/elastic fiber, blood and lymph vessels, nerves, sweat/sebaceous glands and hair roots

Sebum

oily substance secreted by sebaceous glands, lubricates skin to keep it soft and pliable

Eccrine

sweat

Subcutaneous tissue

anchors skin to muscle and bone; connective and adipose (fatty) tissue important factor in regulating body temperature

Maintaining skin integrity is

one of the most important independent functions of the nurse

Radiation

is the primary means of heat loss

Skin damage

results in rapid loss of large quantities of fluid and electrolytes -- leads to shock, circulatory collapse, and death

Loss of subcutaneous tissue

causes skin sagging and wrinkling

Hyperthermia

core temp of 106 degrees or higher, hypothalamus no longer functions properly

Hypothermia

core temp of 95 degrees or less; client can become confused and disoriented

Seven parameters should be examined while performing assessment

integrity, color, temp/moisture, texture, tugor/mobility, sensation, vascularity

Any skin lesion should be identified

according to type and description regarding color, size and location

Wound

disruption in the integrity of body tissue

Wound healing stages

Inflammatory, Proliferative, Maturation

Inflammatory (defense) phase

bleeding stops, platelet plug formed, fibrous meshwork provides initial wound closure; last 3-4 days; major events are hemostasis (cessation of bleeding) and inflammation (nonspecific cellular response to tissue injury)

Proliferative (reconstructive) phase

wound contraction is the final step of this phase; begins 3-4 day last 2-3 weeks;

Angiogenesis

formation of new blood vessels

Maturation phase

final stage of healing; scar tissue is remodeled by deposits of collegen; begins about 21st day and may continue for up to 2 years

Types of healing

Primary intention, secondary intention, tertiary intention

Primary intention

healing occurs in wounds that have minimal tissue loss and edges are well approximated (closed)

Secondary intention

seen in wounds with extensive tissue loss and wounds in which the edges cannot be approximated; wounds left open, repair time is longer

Tertiary intention

aka delayed/secondary closure; indicated when primary closure of a wound is undesirable due to poor circulation or infection

Wound drainage, types of

Serous exudate, purulent exudate, hemorrhagic exudate, serosanguineeous exudate

Serous exudate

fluid in blisters; composed primarily of serum, watery in appearance and has a low protein level

Purulent exudate

drainage which contains pus; yellow, green, brown; indicates infection

Hemorrhagic exudate

ranges in color from bright red to dark red; large component of RBCs; usually present with severe inflammation

Serosanguineous exudate

clear with some blood tinge and is seen with surgical incisions

Factors affecting wound healing

negative influences are age, smoking, oxygenation, drug therapy and diseases such as diabetes

Sanguineous

bloody

Wounds are

measured in length (head to toe), width (side to side), and depth (in cm)

Tunneling

aka undermining

Skin cancer

is one of the most common malignant neoplasm in the US and is the most preventable cancer

Basal cell carcinoma

the most frequent type of skin cancer; metastasis are rare; surgical removal cures this type of cancer

Squamous cell carcinoma

appears as nodule lesions in the epidermis; can extend into the dermis and metastasize to other body tissues causing death; has crusted scaled appearance

Melanoma

can metastasize to every organ in the body through the bloodstream and lymphatic system; begins as a mole (nevus)

Lipomas

benign, fatty tumors

Sebaceous cysts

distended sebaceous glands filled with sebum

Keloid

abnormal growth of scar tissue that is elevated, rounded and firm with irregular, clawlike margins

Angiomas

birthmarks (strawberry, port-wine angiomas)

Impetigo

contagious infectious bacterial skin disorder caused by staph; commonly affects children

Shingles (Herpes Zoster)

clusters of small vesicles over the course of a peripheral sensory nerve; unilateral TREATED WITH ZOVIRAX

Carbuncle

infected hair folicles in the dermis; redness, swelling and pain; yellow cores of pus develop

Tinea (ringworm)

called becaused of it circumscribed appearance, typically round and reddened with slight scaling

Tinea capitis

ringworm of the scalp

Tinea corporis

ringworm of the body

Tinea cruris

Jock itch

Tinea pedis

athlete's foot

Scabies

itch mite burrows under skin; lays eggs; deposits fecal material

Pediculosis (lice)

nits of pediculosis capitis attach themselves firmly to a hair shaft on the head or beard

Acyclovir

antiviral drug used to treat herpes

Eczema

atopic dermatitis often associated with allergic rhinitis and asthma; chronic superficial inflammation that evolves into pruritic, red, weeping crusted lesions

Psoriasis

chronic inflammatory noninfectious disease of the skin which involves keratin synthesis

Pressure ulcers

are localized areas of tissue necrosis that tend to develop when soft tissue is compressed between a bony prominence and an external surface such as a mattress or chair seat for a prolonged period of time

Areas most likely to develop a pressure ulcer

bony prominences such as the occipital skull, pinna of ears, sacrum, ischial tuberosities, trochanter area of hip, ankles and heels

Shearing

force exerted against the skin by movement or repositioning

Friction

force of two surfaces moving across one another

blanching

white color of skin due to reduced blood flow

Stage I pressure ulcer

nonblanchable erythema of intact skin

Stage II pressure ulcer

partial-thickness skin loss involving epidermis, dermis or both; ulcer superficial and presents clinically as an abrasion, blister or shallow crater

Stage III pressure ulcer

full-thickness skin loss involving damage or necrosis of subcutaneous tissue that may extend down to, but not through, underlying fascia; presents clinically as a deep crater with or without undermining of adjacent tissue

Stage IV pressure ulcer

full-thickness skin loss with extensive destruction, tissue necrosis, or damage to muscle, bone or supporting structures; undermining and sinus tracts may also be associated

flashcard

terms list

more from user

PN 1450 -- CARDIAC KEY TERMS

PN 1300 PAIN

PN 1300 Final Review

PN 1300 Immune System

PN1300 Sensory/EYE

PN 1300 Sensory/Ear

PN 1300 Musculoskeletal

similars

Tissue Integrity powerpoint

patho: integumentary system

Skin/Wound Vocab

Chapter 11 Skin, Hair, Nails

likely

guide to passing number 12

F21FINLIT - College and Career Presentations

Nutrition Test 1

Ch 9: Making Memories: Conceptual Issues and Methodologies