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Growth
(Plants) The irreversible increase in mass that results from cell division and cell expansion.
Development
(Plants) The sum of all of the changes that progressively elaborate an organism's body.
Meristems
--- generate cells for new organs throughout the lifetime of a plant.
indeterminate
Most plants continue to grow as long as the plant lives, a condition known as --- growth.
determinate
Most animals and certain plant organs, such as flowers and leaves, undergo --- growth; that is, they cease growing after reaching a certain size.
immortality
Indeterminate growth does not imply ---.
biennial
In many cases, plants with the --- life cycle are those that live through an intervening cold period between vegetative growth and flowering.
meristems
For as long as it survives, a plant is capable of indeterminate growth because it has perpetually embryonic tissues called --- in its regions of growth.
initials
Cells that remain as wellsprings of new cells in the meristem are called ---.
derivatives
The new cells that are displaced from the meristem, called ---, continue to divide for some time, until the cells they produce begin to specialize within developing tissue.
meristems
The pattern of plant growth depends on the locations of the ---.
apical, length
--- meristems, located at the tips of roots and in the buds of shoots, supply cells for the plant to grow in ---.
primary
Elongation brought about by apical meristems, called --- growth, enables roots to ramify throughout the soil and shoots to increase their exposure to light and carbon dioxide.
primary
In herbaceous plants, only --- growth occurs.
primary
Woody plants have secondary growth, a progressive thickening of the roots and shoots formed earlier by --- growth.
Secondary, lateral
--- growth is the product of --- meristems, cylinders of dividing cells extending along the length of roots and shoots.
epidermis
(Secondary growth) One lateral meristem replaces the --- with a secondary dermal tissue, such as bark, that is thicker and tougher.
vascular
(Secondary growth) A second lateral meristem adds layers of --- tissue.
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