Older Adults - Quiz/Test 1 Flashcard | Flashcards-library.com

flashcard

1 / 163

Front

myths of aging

❮ prev next ❯

1 / 163

Back

can't drive (vision, hearing, reflex), can't live alone, all go to nsg home

❮ prev next ❯

terms list

myths of aging

can't drive (vision, hearing, reflex), can't live alone, all go to nsg home

gerontological nursing

addresses/advocates special care needs of older adults

older-old

85yrs and older

old

over 65yrs

2010-2030

most rapid increase expected to occur due to baby boomers reaching 65

gerontologists

scientists who specialize the study of older adults

gerontology

study of all the effects of normal aging and age-related diseases on humans

independent individual (sterotyping)

treating geriatric individuals like you would treat anyone else

cognitive ability (sterotyping)

teaching, vision, hearing, funds, transportation

ADL's (activities of daily living)

basic care activities that include mobility, bathing, hygiene, grooming, dressing, eating, and tolieting

biological theories

somatic mutation theory, programmed aging theory, cross linkage/collagen theory, immunity theory, stress theory

somatic mutation theory

miscoding of enzymes causing changes in DNA - Each time a cell divides, there is a chance that some of the genes will be copied incorrectly, this is called a mutation - Eventually the mutated cells accumulate, copy themselves and cause problems in the body's functioning related to aging

programmed aging theory

life span programmed within the cells - aging and death, according to this theory, are not a result of wear and tear or exposure, but are a programmed, natural and necessary part of genetics. In short, we are programmed to age and die.

Cross linkage/collagen theory

Chemical reaction between collagen and cross linkage, molecules cause loss of flexion and functional mobility - Collagen, which constitutes almost one-third of the body protein, is found in skin, bone, and tendons -With increasing age, the number of cross-linkages within and between collagen molecules increases, leading to crystallinity and rigidity, which are reflected in a general body stiffness

immunity theory

thymus getts smaller with age - ability to produce T-cells decrease - many age-related conditions are caused by a decrease in the function of the immune system ...

Stress theory

aging and death result from the effects of environmental stressors that cause wear and tear on cells and disrupt their function

psychosocial theories

activity theory/ disengagement theory/ continuity theory/

Activity theory

roles/responsibilities change throughout lifetime - life satisfaction depends on maintaining a involvement with life by developing new interests

disengagement theory

decrease interaction between the older person and others in his social system

continuity theory

successful methods used throughout life for adjusting and adapting to life. Events are repeated - characteristics, traits, habits, values and associations

dementia

loss of brain function that occurs with certain - slow onset of greater than 6 months

Delirium

acute confusion - onset of 6 months or less

ploypharmacy

numerous medications

elimination

bowel - (medication, hydration, fiber, lack of exercise)

excretion

glomerular filtration process (slows down)

electrolyte imbalance causes

hypokalemia/ hypocalcemia/ hyponaturemia

BPH (benign prostatic hypertrophy)

over growth of the prostate gland

respiratory

muscles lose flexibility/ alveoli thicken and decrease in size and number - less effective gas exchange/ structural change (skeletal)

common respiratory disorders

RTI/ COPD/ TB

COPD

alveoli sacs lose elasticity -- high levels of CO2 -- O2 can't be used over 1-2 liters per hour

cardiovascular system

ouput decreases/ HR slows/ elevated b/p because arterial elastisicty decreases

digoxin

drug of choice for chronic heart faliure - hold if apical pulse is below 60

common cardiovascular disorders

PVD/ HTN/ CHF

Chronic CHF

edema in LE/ABD/Liver - from aging process

gastronintestional system - GI

teeth loss/ decrease in taste buds/ gag reflex/ slow gastric emptying/ constipation/ decreased liver function

common GI disorders

over/under nutrition - constipation - dehydration - dental disorder

urinary system

kidbey decrease in size/ decrease in function/ increase BUN/ renal function increase when laying

creatinine clearance test

better indicator for kidney function

common urinary disorders

UTI/ incontinence

types of incontinence

functional/ urge/ reflex/ stress/ total

bladder management technique

kegel/ scheduled/ habit/ bladder retraining/ prompted voiding

musculoskeletal

muscle mass and elasticity diminish resulting in decreased strength, endurance, coordination and increased reaction time - (increased time it takes to react)/ bone demineralization/ stiff joints/ loss of R.O.M.

common musculoskeletal disorders

osteoporosis/ osteoarthritis (deg. arthritis)/ fractured hip

fractured hip

what causes death and disability in women

sensory changes

PERRLA/ lacrimal glands secrete less fluid/ cerumen build up - entropion (turning eyes in/out)

endocrine

DM type 2

reproductive (female)

estrogen production decreases with menopause/ less secretions/ less mucus membranes/no change in libido/

E.R.T (estrogen replacement therapy)

women can take ____________because low estrogen contributes in osteoporosis

reproductive (male)

testosterone production decreases resulting in decrease testicles/ prostate enlargement/ impotency

integumentary

subcutaneous tissue and elastin fibers diminish - thin skin / body temp diminish because of decreased perspiration and decreased circulation/ vascular fragility causes senile purpura (lil purple bruise like spots)

common integumentary disorders

pressure ulcers/ shingles/ skin cancer

healthcare delivery system

services to meet the health needs of individuals

primary care

promote wellness and prevent illness or disability, care coordinatied by PCP

Secondary care

dx and tx - occur after synptoms of illness

tertiary care

restoring individuals to the state of health that existed before illness

single-payer system

government is the only reimbursement for healthcare costs

medigap insurance

to pay cost not covered by medicare

managed care

cost-efficient manner

primary care provider

client sees first

HMO - health maintenance organization

prepaid health plans that provide primary health care

capitated rates

preset flat fees

single point of entry

entry through desiginated point by plan

prospective payment

predetermined rate

DRG - diagnosis-related group

average cost of care for each diagnosis

medicaid

pays for health services for low income families

public, public/private and private

health care services are financed and delivered by:

challenges of the health care delivery system

public disillusionment/ loss of health care decision control/ decreased hospital use/ ethical issues

primary

when the goal of a health care service is to decrease the risk to clients for a disease this care is called:

homebound

what must a client be to obtain home health care

licensure

MANDATORY system of granting licenses - regulated by each state

certification

VOLUNTARY process that evaluates and establishes compliance

accreditation

additional confirmation of quality - above min standards

certified

any facility that chooses to be reimbursed by government funds must be:

long-term care facility

sevices to individuals who have continuing healthcare needs but are not acutely ill

subacute

services for clients who are out of the acute stage of their illness

assisted living

a combination of housing and services for those who need help with ADL's

adult day care

protective setting for adults who are unable to stay alone but do not need 24 hour care

respite care

provides a break to caregivers for a few hours a week

hospice

client with 6 months or less to live

rehabilitation

helping individuals reach their optimal level of physical, mental and psychosocial functioning

participate in the planning

as a member of the IHCT(interdisciplinary health care team) the LPN must be able to :

Foster care/home

individuals unable to live independently - but do not require care in a healthcare setting

comorbidity

2 or more illnesses

akinesia

abnormal state of motor and psychic hypoactivity

aphasia

defective or absent vocal function

arthritis

any inflammatory condition of the joints characterized by pain, swelling, heat, redness and limitation of movement; two types

dysphagia

difficulty swallowing

hemiplegia

paralysis on one side of the body

presbycusis

decreased hearing associated with aging

presbyopia

decreased vision more pronounced

body's vulnerability to infection and cancer

impairment of the immune system and weakness of the body's defenses increase

skin (integumentary system)

dry/thin/flaky/wrinkling/sagging/liver spots/easily bruised/poor healing

cardiovascular/pulmonary systems

decrease in cardiac output/ decrease in vital capacity/ increased BP

subacute care facilities

part of a free standing long term care facility

home health care

waht is the fastest growing segment of the health care delivery system

dementia

one of the most common disorders in older adults

Glaucoma

an eye disease that damages the optic nerve and impairs vision

macular degeneration

eye disease caused by degeneration of the cells of the macula lutea and results in blurred vision; can cause blindness

Myopia

a vision defect commonly known as nearsightedness

epidural hematoma

momentary unconsciousness - bleeding in the edidural space

subdural hematoma

immediate pressure on the brain

subarachnoid

blood in the subarachnoid space interferes with reabsorption if CSF

brainstem

slowing pulse are effects of pressure on the

decompression

surgically removing a bone flap allowing room for expansion

stroke by ischemia

oxygenation deprivation

mini stroke

agnosia

inability to reconize familiar objects

alzheimer's disease

deg. neurological disease wherein brain cells are destroyed

awareness

preceive environmental stimuli/reaction

inhibitations

limbic system

CT (computer tomography)

allergy of shellfish, iodine - increased fluid intake

embolic and thrombolic CVA

position head of bed flat to increase cerebral perfusion

causs of CVA

blood clot/HTN/ hemorrage/ vasospasm

bradykinesia

slowness of voluntary movement and speech

ataxia

loss of balance

nystagmus

invol. eye movement

cva drug - given within 2-3 hours

streptokinase

hemoragic stroke

35 degree angle

linear fracture

non displaced crack in the bone

comminuted

broken bone fragments

depressed fracture

of the skull where the bone is pushed in

basilar fracture

A break in bone at the base of the skull - clear liquid leaking from ear/nose

Homonymous hemianopsia

medical term for a type of partial blindness resulting in a loss of vision in the same visual field of both eyes.

Atherosclerosis

a condition in which fatty material collects along

para sympathetic

decreased HR and BP

sympathetic

increased resp. increased HR increased BP

olfactory

smell

otic

vision

oculomotor

eye movement

trochlear

eye movement

trigeminal

facial movement

abducent

eye movement

facial

facial movement

vestibulocochlear

hearing, balance

glossopharyngeal

taste swallowing

vagus

vagal (pulse)reflex

hypoglossal

tongue movement

spinal nerves

31 pairs/ conduct impuulses

sympathetic nervous system

prepares body to meet an emergency - fight/flight

parasympathetic

maintains normal body functions

pupils/headache/restlessness, change in VS

indicators for intracranial pressure

Mask signs of ICP

narcotics/sedatives/barbiturates

coughing/sneezing/ valsalva maneuver(forcible exhalation)

what a client with ICP should avoid

head injury/ICP return to hospital indicators

LOC/ seizures/ inability to arouse/ bleeding or watery drainage from ears or nose/ blurred vision/ speech problems or vomiting

osmotic diuretics

decrease fluid and ICP

anti parkinson's agents

L=Dopa/sinemet - decrease rigidity and tremors

anti cholonergic drug (parkinson)

cogentin

test the discharge for glucose and inform RN or MD

the client with a head injury develops a clear nasal discharge. the nurse should

cold hands

the patient in the ER was in a car accident and while not seriously injured is exhibiting sign of "fright or fight" sympathetic nervous system response. the nurse should expect

the client has decrease in rigidity and tremors

elderly male has parkinson's. he has been put on levodopa (L-Dopa) 500mg bid. what would indicate that the meds are working

on her side with her knees curled to her chest

the nurse is assisting a client during a lumbar puncture . the nurse positions the client

lumbar puncture

the adolescent patient has symptoms of meningitis:nuchal rigidity, fever, vomiting, and lethargy. The nurse knows to prepare for

Sinemet

used for treating symptoms associated with Parkinson disease and parkinsonism-like symptoms

digoxin cognex

has been used to counter the effects of muscle relaxants, as a respiratory stimulant, and in the treatment of Alzheimer

Treat blood clots

anticoagluant/coumadin/heparin

Artane

is used to treat the stiffness, tremors, spasms, and poor muscle control of Parkinson's disease

aricept

a treatment for all stages of Alzheimer's that helps slow the progression of symptoms

exelon

the first and only patch for the treatment of mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease.

ticlid

is an antiplatelet drug

cogentin

used in patients with schizophrenia to reduce the side effects of antipsychotic treatment, such as parkinsonism

Symmetrel (Amantadine)

is an antiviral medication which was originally prescribed to treat Parkinson's Disease

Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs)

powerful antidepressant drugs prescribed for the treatment of depression.

alzheimer's =intellect and parkinson's = motor

difference between parkinson's and alzheimer's

flashcard

terms list

more from user

Pharm/Skills Test 3

PN1300 - Quiz 1

PN1230 fundamentals III - Quiz 1/Test 1

PN Nutrition Final (prt 2)

Pharm/Skills Quiz 4

Pharm/Skills Test & Quiz 2

PN Nutrition Final (prt 1)

Pharm/Skills (Quiz and Test 1)

older adults - cardiovascular test

fundamentals III - Quiz 4

older adults quiz/test 2

PN 2200 test 3 LP

similars

HSP Geriatrics

late adulthood and diseases test review

Foundations of Nursing V.6 - Ch 33

likely

Week 2 Vines Ch. 4, 13

Genetics Unit 1 Test Review

FSC

Bible 6 7 9