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Internal Carotid Artery Syndrome
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Arises off the common carotid and internal carotid arteries; Lesions involving both MCA and ACA
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Internal Carotid Artery Syndrome
Arises off the common carotid and internal carotid arteries; Lesions involving both MCA and ACA
Anterior Cerebral Artery Syndrome
Supplies the trunk and legs; Contralateral sensory loss and hemiparesis, with LEG more involved than arm
Middle Cerebral Artery Syndrome
Supplies the face & Upper Extremities; Contralateral sensory loss and hemiparesis, with ARM more involved than leg; Broca's area dysfunction, Perceptual dysfunction, Homonymous Hemianopsia, Loss of Conjugate gaze to the Opposite side, Sensory ataxia
Vertebrobasilar Artery Syndrome
2 VA's arise off the subclavian arteries; Lesions involving Medial Medullary, Lateral Medullary, Basilar Artery, Medial Inferior Pontine, Lateral Inferior Pontine, & Posterior Cerebral Artery
Medial Medullary Syndrome
Occlusion or branch of lower basilar artery; (1) Ipsilateral paralysis of tongue (2) Contralateral paralysis of arm and leg with impaired sensation
Lateral Medullary Syndrome
AKA: Wallenberg's Syndrome; Vertebral, posterior inferior cerebellar or basilar artery occlusion; Ipsilateral cerebellar symptoms (ataxia; vertigo, nausea, and vomiting; nystagmus); Horner's Syndrome (miosis, ptosis, decreased sweating); Dysphagia, Impaired speech, Diminished gag reflex; Sensory loss of ipsilateral arm, trunk, or leg, Contralateral loss of pain and temperature of half of body sometimes face; Classic clinical demonstration of the anatomy of the TRIGEMINAL (V) Nerve
Basilar Artery Syndrome
Locked-in Syndrome-unable to move or speak but has full cognitive function
Medial Inferior Pontine Syndrome
(1) Ipsilateral signs and sx: Cerebellar (nystagmus, ataxia), Paralysis of conjugate gaze (to side of lesion), Diplopia (2) Contralateral Signs: Hemiparesis, Impaired sensation
Lateral Inferior Pontine Syndrome
Occlusion of the anterior inferior cerebellar artery; (1) Ipsilateral signs: Cerebellar (nystagmus, vertigo, nausea, vomiting, ataxia), Facial paralysis, Paralysis of conjugate gaze to the side of the lesion, Deafness, Tinnitus, Impaired facial sensation (2) Contralateral signs: Hemi impairment of pain and temperature
Posterior Cerebral Artery Syndrome
PCA and Posterior Communicating Arteries; Contralateral homonymous hemianopsia, contralateral sensory loss; thalamic syndrome, involuntary movements (choreoathetosis, intention tremor, hemiballismus), Transient contralateral hemipareses, Weber's Syndrome (oculomotor nerve palsy with contralateral hemiplegia), Visual symptoms (mitosis, ptosis)
Anterior Choroidal Artery
Arises from the MCA; Supplies the Basal Ganglia
Basal Ganglia
Provides the function of memory, control of postural tone and vital functions, and emotions.
Substantia Nigra
A structure in the Basal Ganglia; Produces Dopamine so if injured can cause Parkinsons
Cerebellum
Affects movement by: 1) Developing a motor plan to activate a certain amount of motor units 2) During motion performance it monitors motor units to perfect the motion.
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