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Primer mover
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Chief muscle
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terms list
Primer mover
Chief muscle
Synergist
Assit the prime mover is helper muscle
Antagonists
Muscles that oppose the action of another muscle
Hypertrophy
Overused muscles increase in size
Atrophy
Muscle that is not used and (or) decrease in size
Contracture
An abnormal formation of fibrous tissue within the muscles (freeze) restricts joint mobility
Frontalis
A flat muscle that cover the frontal bone-extends from the cranial aponeurosis to the skinof the eye brows( surprised look)
Orbicularis Oculi
A sphincter muscle that encircle the eyes, control the size of the eyeof an opening close the eye an assist in winking, blinking and squinting
Orbicularis Oris
Encircle the mouth assist with closing the mouth, forming words (called the kissing muscle)
Buccinator
A muscle that inserts into the orbicularis oris and flattens the cheek, used to whistlingand playing the trumpet (chewing muscle)it help position food in mouth
Zygomaticus
The smiling musscle; it extend from the corners of the mouth to the cheekbone
Mastication
Chewing muscle
Masseter
A muscle that extend for the zygomatic process of the temporal bone in the skull to the mandible(closes the jaw)It synergistically works with the temporalis muscle to close the jaw
Temporalis
A fan-shaped muscle that extends from the flat portion of the temporal bone to the mandible, it synergistically work with other chewing muscle
Sternocleidomastoid
Muscle that extends from the sternum and clavicle to the mastoid process of the temporal bone, cause of both muscle on either side of the neck cause flexionof the head also called praying muscle
Trapezius
Origins at the base of the occipital bone in the skull and to the spine of the upper vertebral column, allow the head to tilt back so that the face look up to the sky;works antagonistically with the sternocleidomastoid muscle; also attach to move the shoulder
Intercostal muscles
Located between theribs and are responsible for rasising and lowering the rib cage during breathing.
Diaphragm
Is a dome-shaped muscle that separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity;chief muscle of inhalation
Rectus abdominis
Run in an up and down or longitudinal direction;extend from the sternum to the pubic bone ;contraction of this muscle flexes,or bend the vertebral column
External oblique
Make up the lateral walls of the abdomen
Skeletal muscle
Generally attached to bone;voluntary;striated;maintain body posture,produce movement, and stabilize joints; produce considerable heat and therefore help maintain body temp.
Smooth muscle
Found inthe walls of the viscera (ex. stomach)also called visceral muscle; found in tubes and passageway such as the bronchioles(breathing passages) and blood vessel, function automatically it is called involuntary muscle;nonstriated
Cardiac muscle
Found only in the heart, where it functions to pump blood thoughout the body;involuntary,striated
Fascia
Fibrous connective tissue membrane that covers individual skeletal muscles or certains
Epimysium
Outer layer of fascia
Perimysium
Layer of connective tissue that surrounds smaller bundles of muscle fibers
Endomysium
Individual muscle fibers are found within the fascicles and surrounded by a third layer of connective tissue
Sarcolemma
Muscle fiber has more than one nucleus and surrounded by a cell membrane
Transverse tubules (t tubules)
Where the cell membrane penetates deep into the interior of the musclef ibers
Crossbridges
When stimulated the myosin heads make contact with the actin form ing temporary connection
Twitch
Single electrical stimulus muscle contract and relax quickly
Tetany
If the muscle is stimulated repeatedly the muscle has not tome to relax and remains contracted
Muscle tonus
Coninuous or partial contraction
Fasciotomy
Cutting into muscle
Sarcomere
Extends from z line to z line
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