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ENVELOPED (DNA VIRUSES)
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Hepadnavirus, Herpesvirus, Poxvirus
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ENVELOPED (DNA VIRUSES)
Hepadnavirus, Herpesvirus, Poxvirus
NAKED (DNA VIRUSES)
Adenovirus, Parvovirus, Papovavirus
DOUBLE STRANDED LINEAR (DNA VIRUSES)
Herpesvirus, Poxvirus, Adenovirus
DOUBLE STRANDED CIRCULAR (DNA VIRUSES)
Papvavirus
DOUBLE STRANDED PARTIAL CIRCULAR (DNA VIRUSES)
Hepadnavirus
NAKED (RNA VIRUSES)
Picornaviruses
CAPSID - ICOSAHEDRAL (RNA VIRUSES)
Flaviviruses, Togaviruses, Retroviruses, Picornaviruses, Caliciviruses, Reoviruses
CAPSID- HELICAL (RNA VIRUSES)
Orthromyxoviruses, Paramyxoviruses,Rhabdoviruses, Filoviruses, Cornoaviruses, Arenaviruses, Bunyaviruses
RNA STRUCTURE: POSITIVE, SINGLE STRANDED, LINEAR
Flaviviruses, Togaviruses, Retroviruses, Coronaviruses, Picornaviruses, Caliciviruses
RNA STRUCTURE: NEGATIVE, SINGLE STRNADED, LINEAR
Rhabdoviruses, Filoviruses
RNA STRUCTURE: NEGATIVE, SINGLE STRANDED, LINEAR & SEGMENTED
Orthomyxoviruses, Paramyxoviruses
RNA STRUCTURE: NEGATIVE, SINGLE STRANDED, CIRCULAR
Arenaviruses, Bunyaviruses
RNA STRUCTURE: DOUBLE STRANDED, LINEAR
Reoviruses
6 STEPS FOR VIRAL REPLICATION
Adsorption, Penetration, Uncoating, Replication of Viral Genome (SYNTHESIS), Viral Assembly, Viral Release
ADSORPTION
Binding to virus to specific molecule on host cell
PENETRATION
Genome enters cell (PINOCYTOSIS / PHAGOCYTOSIS)
UNCOATING
Viral nucleic acid is released from capsid (inside cell, takes place at cell membrane or vesicles)
SYNTHESIS (Replication of Viral Genome)
Viral components are produced
VIRAL ASSEMBLY
New viral particles are constructed
VIRAL RELEASE
Assembled viruses are released by budding (exocytosis) or cell lysis
LYSIS VS. EXOCYTOSIS
Cell Lysis = NAKED ... Exocytosis = ENVELOPE maintained
POXVIRUS
Brick shaped, enveloped, NO TREATMENT, Linear DS DNA, complex ellipsoid virus
HERPES: HSV 1
"Above the Waist" commonly seen in children, vertical transmission, fever blisters
HERPES: HSV 2
"Below the Waist" commonly seen in the sexually active, health care providers
DRUG OF CHOICE FOR HSV 1 & 2
Acyclovir
VARICELLA
Causes chickenpox, man natural host, live attenuated
ZOSTER
Causes Shingles (mainly seen in adults), recurrent infection
EPSTEIN-BARR
Infectious Monocleosis.. "KISSING DISEASE", man natural host, Burkitt's lymphoma, nasopharyngeal carcinoma
TREATMENT OF CHOICE: SHINGLES AND VARICELLA
Acyclovir, VZIG for immunosuppressed, attenuated varicella vaccine (under 2)
TREATMENT OF CHOICE: EPSTEIN- BARR
Supportive & Acyclovir in severe ill patients
CMV (CYTOMEGALOVIRUS)
Congenital defect, Transmitted across placenta, Man only known host, opportunistic pathogen
TREATMENT OF CHOICE: CMV
Gancyclovir... alternative= foscarnate
TYPES OF POXVIRUS
Molluscum Contagiosum, umbilcated "WART LIKE" lesions, Variola Virus (smallpox), Cowpox "Milkmaid's blisters"
ADENOVIRUS
Naked, Icosahedral, Epidemic keratoconjunctivitis (occupational) 'TRUE PINK EYE", treatment: supportive, vaccine for military recruits
PARVOVIRUS
"FIFTH DISEASE", "SLAPPED CHEEK DISEASE" , common in children, SEROTYPE B19 only human pathogen
PAPILLOMAVIRUS
Genital Wart "CAULIFLOWER LIKE LESIONS" common: HPV 6,11,16,18,21, transmission: sexual contact....STD: 6 & 11 CAUSES benign warts, STD: 16 & 18 ASSOCIATED with cervical carcinoma, laryngeal carcinoma
TREATMENT OF CHOICE: HPV
NO DRUG CHOICE, Electro-cauterization & freezing
WHICH VIRUS LEADS TO NEOPLASTIC CHANGES
HPV: 16 & 18 (MALIGNANT CERVICAL CARCINOMA)
PICORNAVIRUSES (SMALL VIRUSES)
Naked, Icosahedral nucleopcapsid
ENTEROVIRUSES
Poliovirus, coxsackie A & B, echovirus and Heptatitis A Virus
RHINOVIRUSES
Cause Common Cold
ORTHOMYXOVIRUSES
Influenza A, B & C
TREATMENT OF CHOICE: INFLUENZA A,B,C
Amantadine, Rimantidine for Influenza A, Vaccination
PARAMYXOVIRUSES
Parainfluenza virus, Respiratory syncytial virus, MUMPS, MEASELS, CROUP
TOGA VIRUSES
Alphavirus, Rubella Virus (German Measles)
FLAVIVIRUSES
Yellow Fever, Dengue ("break-bone fever", Saddleback curve") West Nile Virus, +ssRNA icosaheral linear
BUNYAVIRUSES
"HANTAVIRUS" ssRNA helical circular enveloped ARTHROPOD VECTORS (mosquitos) may cause CALIFORNIA ENCEPHALITIS
CALICIVIRUS
NO VACCINE!!! NORWALK AGENT, accounts for 1/3 gastroenteritis outbreaks HEPATITIS E
RHABDOVIRUSES
"RABIES" Vescular Stomatitis Virus (VSV) ssRNA helical linear. "LYSSA VIRUS" "NEGRI BODIES" attacks dorsal root ganglia
CORONAVIRUSES
"SARS" spikes, Asian Flu, Common cold symptoms, +sRNA enveloped helical nucleocapsid
ARENAVIRUSES
"LASSA FEVER VIRUS" West Africa, ssRNA, helical cricular
FILOVIRUSES
"EBOLA VIRUS" Hemorragic fever (bleed out) Marburg Virus
REOVIRUS
"COLORADO TICK VIRUS" Naked, icosohedral, dsRNA
ROTAVIRUS
#1 Cause of fatal Diarrhea in infants < MOST COMMON Gasterenteritis
ORBIVIRUSES
The only TICK BORNE viral disease
RETROVIRUSES
"AIDS, HIV" Reverse Transcriptase (allows the virus to produce double-stranded DNA from RNA, Oncoviruses (encode oncogenes that promote cell growth) KAPOSI'S SARCOMA
COCKSACKIE
Herpangina, pericarditis
HEPATITIS A (HAV)
"CATARRHAL JAUNDICE" , Picornavirus, fecal-oral route, +RNA, rare
HEPATITIS B (HBV)
Parenteral, Perinatal, Sexual, DNA Headnavirus, rare
HEPATITIS C (HCV)
+RNA Flavivirus, Parenteral, Rare
HEPATITIS D (DELTA AGENT)
- RNA Delta Agent, Parenteral, Frequent
HEPATITIS E
+RNA calicivirus, Fecal-oral, In pregnant women, spread eating Shellfish
H.A.A.R.T (THERAPY)
H-ighly, A-ctive, -A-nti, R-etroviral, T-herapy
DIAGNOSIS OF HIV INVECTION
INITIAL SCREENING: Elisa Test FOLLOW UP: Western Blot (rule out false positive)
TREATMENT OF CHOICE: HIV
Azt (arithroymcin) ANTI-HIV drugs PROTEASE INHIBITORS
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