Med Surg (immunity) Flashcard | Flashcards-library.com

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Immunity

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being resistant to or protected from a disease

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terms list

Immunity

being resistant to or protected from a disease

Antigen (immunogen)

Any substance capable of stimulating the production of an antibody

Antibody (immunoglobulin)

A chemical protein developed by the body in response to an antigen

IgA

interferes with pathogens in secretions

IgD

Acts as an antigen receptor

IgE

Plays a role in allergic reactions

IgM

First antibody produced during an infection

IgG

Only one that crosses the blood brain barrier

Allergen

a non parasitic antigen capable of stimulating a hypersensitivity reaction

Complement proteins

circulating proteins that are activated by antibodies

Immunotolerance

lack of immune response to an antigen

Autoimmunity

Body recognizes its own cells as foreign cells & produce antibodies against them

Physical barriers

Skin acts as outside barrier to foreign invaders / bodily secretions trap and neutralize / bodily mechanisms work to expel

Inflammation

Considered a nonspecific immune response / complex set of events to bring immune cells into a damaged area and set the stage for tissue repair

Phagocytosis

Ingestion and digestion of bacteria

Cell mediated immunity

A delayed response sometimes called "delayed hypersensitivity"

Humoral Immunity

An immediate specific response against acute bacterial & viral infections

Tonsils / Adenoids

Collections of lymphoid tissue that help the body fight infection

Bone Marrow

Where WBC's are produced

Lymph Nodes

Where WBC's wait for foreign substances to destroy

Thymus

Where T Cells differentiate into specific types of functioning cells

GI Tract

stomach and small intestines contain Peyers patches where highest % of WBC are found

Respiratory Tract

contains tonsils and adenoids (lymph Nodules)

SPleen

Contains plasma cells that produce antibodies & macrophages that phagocytize foreign matter

Eosinophils

1 to 3 % destroy parasites ; play a role in allergic reactions

Neutrophils

55 to 70 % perform phagocytosis

Basophils

0.5 to 1% release histamine during inflammation

Monocytes

1 to 8% engulfs and digests the invading bacteria

B cells / B lymphocytes

make antibodies against antigens and eventually develop into memory B cells

T Cells / T lymphocytes

Play a central role in controlling the acquired immune response

Macrophages

"Big Eaters" role is to engulf & digest cellular debris & pathogens

T Cells

Identified by surface protein receptors called clusters of differentiation

Helper T cells (CD4)

Recognize antigens and start the immune response. These are primary cells attacked by HIV

Killer T cells (CDS)

Chemically destroy foreign cells that have been marked by antibodies

Suppressor T Cells

stop the immune response once the antigen has been destroyed

B cells

Change into plasma cells that produce antibodies

Memory Cells

Derived from T or B cells they quickly recognize a foreign antigen to which the body has been previously exposed

Natural Killer Cells

Large lymphocytes that work with interferon to kill virus infected cells and they also kill some cancer cells

Passive Immunity

pass antibodies from another organism, animal, or human

Active Immunity

Involves the production of ones own antibodies

Allergens

ingestants / inhalants / contactants / injectants

Allergic Rhinitis

sneezing / nasal congestion with watery nasal drainage / red itchy eyes

Contact Dermatitis

itching / swelling / redness of the skin with presence of a skin rash or hives

Food Allergy

N/V / diarrhea / skin Rash / wheezing

Angioedema

severe swelling of the skin and mucous membranes requiring immediate treatment

Anaphylaxis

Most sever life threatening allergic reactions

Stage 1 (seroconversion)

once antibodies are present in the blood the seroconversion has occured. This stage can last for years without converting to AIDS.

Stage 2

ARC is a group of symptoms like weight loss, thrush, fever, night sweats, prolonged diarrhea and fatigue that occur after stage 1 but before opportunistic infections

Stage 3 Aids

Present when the T cell count is below 200 cells/mm3 and the patient has signs of opportunistic infections

PCP

80% of patients this is the first OI to develop / herpes simplex / TB/ hepatitis / candidiasis

Kaposi Sarcoma

33% of AIDS patients develop this malignant neoplasm which is cancer of the connective tissue which appears as bilateral / flat / pink lesions that turn dark violet

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