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1908 Civil Employees Act / 1910 Federal Employees Worker's Comp Act
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Alternative to suing for work-related injuries. The first compulsory state workers' compensation law in the United States was passed in New York in 1910.
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1908 Civil Employees Act / 1910 Federal Employees Worker's Comp Act
Alternative to suing for work-related injuries. The first compulsory state workers' compensation law in the United States was passed in New York in 1910.
1918 Smith-Sears Act or Soldier's Rehabilitation Act
Authorized Federal Board for Vocational Education to organize and offer programs of vocational rehabilitation for veterans with disabilities. Employment as a result of vocational rehabilitation training had to be a feasible possibility.
1917 Smith-Hughes Act
Promoted vocational education. That act made federal monies available to each state on a matching basis for vocational education programs. It also created the Federal Board for Vocational Education (for veterans returning from the war with disabilities - only at first)
1920 Smith-Fess Act
The civilian vocational rehabilitation [act] program. Counseling, training, prosthetic appliance and job placement to physically disable from industrial injuries. Provided federal funds to states on a 50-50 matching basis.
1935 Social Security Act
Vocational Rehabilitation Program became a permanent program, provided permanent funding and only discontinued by Congressional action.
1936 Randolph-Sheppard Act
Priority for blind persons in the location and operation of vending facilities on federal property.
1938 Wagner-O'Day Act
Federal government will purchase items produced in Rehabilitation Workshops
1943 Borden-LaFollette Act
Extended federal-state rehabilitation services to persons with mental retardation or mental illness. This act stands out as a major piece of legislation for blind rehabilitation services
1954 Vocational Rehabilitation Act Amendements (PL 83-565)
Authorized services for more severely disabled, graduate training and research, and improving facilities at workshops and other rehabilitation settings . Increased the federa funding share of the federal-state vocational rehabilitation program to 60/40. Three significant provisions expanding services to individuals with mental retardations or mental illness were (a) RESEARCH and demonstration grants, (b) extension and improvement grants and (c) rehabilitation facility DEVELOPMENT. Under this Act it also authorized grants to colleges and universities for the training of professional rehabilitation workers.
1965 Vocational Rehabilitation Act (PL 89-333)
Federal-state funds changed to 75-25 ratio. Evaluation up to 18 months. Elimination of economic need. Authorized contruction for rehabilitation facilities, established extended evaluation, and an expansion of services to all. Expanded definition of disability to include behavioral disorders diagnosed by a psychologist or psychiatrist.
1956 Social Security Act Amendments
Authorized Social Security disability allowances for individuals with permanent disabilities aged 50 and over who was considered incapable of returning to competitive employment.
1968 Vocational Rehabilitation Act (PL 90-391)
Increase funding to 80/20. Programs in vocational evaluation and work adjustment for "disadvantage" services to families, and follow-up to employment.
1973 Vocational Rehabilitation Act (PL 93-112)
Emphasized services to more severely disabled, involvement of consumers in rehabilitation process (IWRP), annual evaluations of eligibility, and programs of affirmative action and Individual Written Rehabilitation Plan (IWRP). Changed language of disability to include eligibility for people with severe physical, intellectual, and professionally diagnosed emotional disorders and removed mandates from 1965 and 1968 to serve people with behavioral disorders
1973 Vocational Rehabilitation Act (PL 93-112) Section 501
Sections 501: nondiscrimination in hiring practices. Affirmative Action in Federal Hiring. mandates nondiscrimination by the Federal Government in its own hiring practices.
1973 Vocational Rehabilitation Act (PL 93-112) Sectio 502
Section 502: Made accessibility for people with disabilities priority in architectural design. Architectural and Transportation Barriers Compliance Insures compliance on accessibility of buildings constructed with federal funds.
1973 Vocational Rehabilitation Act (PL 93-112) Sectio 503
(1968Architectural Barriers Act (P.L. 90-480) Section 503: Non Discrimination policies in Federal Contract bids
1973 Vocational Rehabilitation Act (PL 93-112) Section 504
Section 504: Equal Opportunities. Prohibits the exclusion based on disability of otherwise qualified disabled persons from participation in any program or activity receiving federal financial assistance.
UMTA (Urban Mass Transportation Assistance Act of 1964)
Equal access to transportation
Developmental Disabilities Assistance and Bill of Rights (DDA) Act of 1976 (P.L. 94-103) and renamed in 1984 to P.L. 94-142:
Changed language to include people with Developmental disabilities.
1975-2004 Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act of 2004 (IDEA) also known as P/L/ 94-142 amended 5 times:
Mandated that states must provide education for all disabled children between the ages of 3 and 21. Includes rul of least restrictive environment. Ensured rights of children with disabilities to learn and be educated though an IEP (Individualized Education Plan which included current levels, goals, objectives, services to be used, modification needs, transitional plan and procedure for progress and parental notification)
1998 Vocational Rehabilitation Act Amendments
Combined many job training programs into one pot of money to meet the needs of people and allowed for the creation of the "One-Stop Shop" in each local workforce investment area.
1992 Vocational Rehabilitation Act Amendment:
Prioritized employment as outcome for use of funds.
1986 (P.L. 99-506) Amendment:
Strengthened old programs to follow trends of employment
1978 Rehabilitation Comprehensive Service & Developmental Disabilities (PL 95-602)
Creates National Institute of Handicapped Research, new comprehensive rehabilitation centers, National Council on the Handicapped, independent living services, and continued emphasis of vocational services to severely disabled Authorizes gransts for American Indians for culturally relevant voc rehab (funded 1981).
1986 Rehabilitation Act Amendment
Addition of rehabilitation engineering and supported employment programs. Further enhanced in the Technology-Related Assistance for Individuals With Disabilities Acto of 1988 (29 U.S.C. 2201(1)).
1990 Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)
Prohibits discrimination against people with disabilities in employment, transportation, public accommodations, and activities of state and local goverment. Telecommunications relay services are established.
Title I of the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990
prohibits private employers, state and local governments, employment agencies and labor unions from discriminating against qualified individuals with disabilities in job application procedures, hiring, firing, advancement, compensation, job training, and other terms, conditions, and privileges of employment. The ADA covers employers with 15 or more employees, including state and local governments. It also applies to employment agencies and to labor organizations.
An individual with a disability is a person who:
Has a physical or mental impairment that substantially limits one or more major life activities;
A qualified employee or applicant with a disability is an individual who, with or without reasonable accommodation, can perform the essential functions of the job in question. Reasonable accommodation may include, but is not limited to:
Making existing facilities used by employees readily accessible to and usable by persons with disabilities.
An employer is required to make a reasonable accommodation to the known disability of a qualified applicant or employee if it would not impose an "undue hardship" on the operation of the employer's business. Undue hardship is defined as
an action requiring significant difficulty or expense when considered in light of factors such as an employer's size, financial resources, and the nature and structure of its operation.an action requiring significant difficulty or expense when considered in light of factors such as an employer's size, financial resources, and the nature and structure of its operation.
Title I of the ADA also covers:
Employers may not ask job applicants about the existence, nature, or severity of a disability. Applicants may be asked about their ability to perform specific job functions. A job offer may be conditioned on the results of a medical examination, but only if the examination is required for all entering employees in similar jobs. Medical examinations of employees must be job related and consistent with the employer's business needs.
Title I of the ADA also covers:
Employees and applicants currently engaging in the illegal use of drugs are not covered by the ADA when an employer acts on the basis of such use. Tests for illegal drugs are not subject to the ADA's restrictions on medical examinations. Employers may hold illegal drug users and alcoholics to the same performance standards as other employees.
Disability. - The term "disability" means, with respect to an individual-
(A) a physical or mental impairment that substantially limits one or more major life activities of such individual;
Major life activities
major life activities include, but are not limited to, caring for oneself, performing manual tasks, seeing, hearing, eating, sleeping, walking, standing, lifting, bending, speaking, breathing, learning, reading, concentrating, thinking, communicating, and working. a major life activity also includes the operation of a major bodily function, including but not limited to, functions of the immune system, normal cell growth, digestive, bowel, bladder, neurological, brain, respiratory, circulatory, endocrine, and reproductive functions.
Regarded as having such an impairment
An individual meets the requirement of "being regarded as having such an impairment" if the individual establishes that he or she has been subjected to an action prohibited under this chapter because of an actual or perceived physical or mental impairment whether or not the impairment limits or is perceived to limit a major life activity.
Title II of the ADA covers:
Public Services. Part I - Public Bus Systems. New buses (ordered on or after Aug 26, 1990) must be accessible. Paratransit must be provided to persons unable to use fixed route bus services. New bus stations and alterations to existing stations must be accessible. Part II - Public Rail Systems. New trains must be accessible. Already existing trains must have at least one accessible car by July 26, 1995. New train stations and alterations to existing stations must be accessible.
Title III of the ADA covers:
Public Accommodations. Public accommodations (e.g. restaurants, hotels, pharmacies, stores, parks, private schools, day-care centers) may not discriminate on the basis of disability. Public accommodations must be accessible and provide auxiliary aids and services, unless undue burden would result.
Title IV of the ADA covers:
Telecommunications. Companies offering telephone service to the general public must also offer telephone relay services (e.g. T.D.D.) to those who need it.
Title V of the ADA covers:
Miscellaneous. Includes insurance issues, congrssional inclusion, and amendements to the Rehabilitation Act of 1973.
Direct threat
The term "direct threat" means a significant risk to the health or safety of others that cannot be eliminated by reasonable accommodation
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