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Tibia and Fibula
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forms the skeleton of the leg
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terms list
Tibia and Fibula
forms the skeleton of the leg
Interosseous Membrane
membrane that connects the tibia and fibula
Talus
tibia and fibula articulate with this bone in the foot
Tibiofibular joints
The tibia and fibula articulate with these slightly immovable joints superiorly and inferiorly
Tibia
Receives the weight of the body from the femur and transmits it to the foot
Tibia
Second largest and strongest bone
Markings of the Tibia
Major markings include: medial and lateral condyles, intercondylar eminence, the tibial tuberosity, anterior crest, osterior border, medial malleolus, pes enserine and fibular notch (distal tib/fib joint).
Fibula
Bone located lateral to the tibia
Fibula
Does not bear much weight but has muscular attachments
Foot
Acts as a lever to propel the body forward in walking and running
Quadriceps Femoris
Sole extensor of the knee
Hamstring Muscles
Group of muscles that are the antagonists of the quadriceps femoris
Patellofemoral Joint
Name of joint where patella articulates with the femoral condyles
Q Angle
An increase of this angle is a risk factor for lateral patellar subluxation
Q Angle
the angle formed by a line drawn from the ASIS to the central patella and a second line drawn from the central patella to the tibial tubercle
Patellar Ligament
medial and lateral patellar retinaculum
Extracapsular Ligaments
Ligaments on the medial and lateral aspects that include the MCL and LCL
Lateral Collateral Ligament (LCL)
limits varus
Medial Collateral Ligament (MCL)
Limits Valgus with deep fibers that are attached to the medial meniscus
Intracapsular Ligaments
In the capsule but outside the synovial cavity and are lined with synovial membrane
Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL)
Prevents anterior movement of tib on femur and prevents hyper extension
Posterior Cruciate Ligament (PCL)
Prevents posterior movement of tib on femur
Menisci
Crescent shaped fibrocartilage wedges that add joint stability, they are attached to tibia ONLY at their outer margins
Knee Joint Bursae
Flattened fibrous sacs lined with synovial fluid, found where ligaments, bones, muscles, tendons or skin rub together
Primary Ankle Dorsiflexors and Toe Extensors
Tibialis anterior, extensor digitorum longus, extensor hallucis longus, and fibularis tertius are the primary muscles that do these actions.
Tibialis Anterior
O: lateral condyle of tibia and upper tibial shaft / I: via tendo into inf. surface of medial cuneiform and 1st metatarsal / A: PRIME MOVER dorsiflexion, inversion of foot
Extensor Digitorum Longs
O: lateral tibial condyle, interosseous membrane, fibula (prox 3/4) / I: via tendon to middle and distal phalanges of 2-5 toes / A: PRIME MOVER toe ext, dorsiflexion of foot synergist of tib ant and extensor hallicus longus
Extensor Hallucis Longus
O: middle of ant med fibular shaft / I: dorsum of 5th metatarsal / A: eversion and dorsiflexion of foot
Lateral Compartment of the Leg
The muscles from this compartment plantar flex and evert the foot
Fibularis (Peroneus) Longus
O: head and upper lateral fibula / I: via long tendon behind lat malleolus, under base of 5th metatarsal to plantar surface 1st met. and 1st (med) cuneiform / A: plantar flex and evert foot
Fibularis (Peroneus) Brevis
O: distal (2/3) lat fib / I: via tendon behind lat malleolus to proximal 5th met / A: plantar fle and evert foot
Muscles of the Posterior Compartment of the Leg
These muscles primarily flex the foot (at the ankle mortice) and the toes
Deep Layer of Posterior Compartment
These muscles are all in the same compartment: popliteus (only crosses the kneee) tibialis posterior, flexor digitorum longus and flexor hallucis longus - plantar flex the foot and toes. What compartment and layer are they are part of?
Superficial Layer of Posterior Compartment
These (2) muscles (gastrocnemius and soleus) are in the same compartment and layer. Name it.
Gastrocnemeus
O: via 2 head from med & lat femoral condyles / I: posterior calcaneus via common tendon (triceps surae) / A: knee flexion, foot plantar flexion
Soleus
O: posterior upper tibia, fibula and tendinous arch between / I: posterior calcaneus via common tendon (triceps surae) / A: plantar felxion of foot, important postural support muscle
Popleteus
O: lateral condyle of femur / I: proximial tibia / A: flexes leg and medially rotates leg to unlock extended knee (lock home mechanism)
Tarsal Tunnel
The "Tom Dick and Harry" muscles (tibialis posterior, flexor digitorum longus and flexor hallucis longus) go through this tunnel.
Tibialis Posterior
O: superior tibia, fibula and interosseous membrane/ I: via tarsal tunnel to most of the bones of the foot, plantar surface all cuneiforms, cuboid, base of metatarsals 2-4, sustentaculum tali / A: PRIME MOVER foot inversion, foot plantar flexion, stabilized medial arch
Flexor Digitorum Longus
O: posterior mid surface of tibia / I: via tarsal tunnel to distal phalanx toes 2-5 / A: plantar flexion toes 2-5, gripping objects w toes
Flexor Hallucis Longus
O: post mid/distal fibula & inteross. meb. / I: via tarsal tunnel to distal phalanx of great toe / A: plantar flexion and inversion - "push off toe off" during walking
Posterior Compartment; Actions of the Thigh
These muscles flex the leg and extend the thigh in this compartment.
Anterior Compartment; Actions of the Thigh
These muscles extend the leg in this compartment of the thigh.
Lateral Compartment of the Leg
The muscles of the leg will plantar flex and evert the foot in this compartment.
Posterior Compartment of the Leg
These muscles of the leg will plantar flex the foot and flex the toes in this compartment.
Anterior Compartment of the Leg
These muscles of the leg will dorsiflex the foot and extend the toes in this compartment
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