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air sacks in the lungs
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terms list
alveoli
air sacks in the lungs
anoxia
lack of oxygen
bronchi
two tubes at the end of the windpipe leading to the lungs
bronchial asthma
allergic response to pollen, dust, etc
bronchioles
branches of bronchi in the lungs
cancer
disorderly growth of cells in the body
carbon monoxide
poisonous gas given off by cars and tobacco that easily combines with heboglobin
carcinogens
substances causing cancer
chronic disease
disease of long duration
cilia
tiny hairlike parts of mucous membrane in trachia
dependence
physical or psycological requirement for continuous supply of a drug
drug
chemical substance alters the mind or body
emphysema
respiratory disease where air passages are constricted and air flow reduced
exhalation
forcing of air from the lungs
habits
acts that become automatic
inhalation
sucking of air into the lungs
lung cancer
disease of the lungs, significantly more common in cigarette smokers
metastasis
spread of cancer cells to a new area
nicotine
poisonous substance in cigarettes
cellular respiration
exchange of blood gases between body cells and the bloodstream
external respiration
exchange of blood gases between the aveoli and the blood stream
side stream smoke
smoke poluted air known as second hand smoke
sputum
material coughed up from the lungs
tar
harmful tobacco by-product
tolerance
body's ability to become used to a drugs effect, requiring a larger dose to experience the same effect
toxin
poison formed by bacteria in living tissue and non living food subtance
trachia
windpipe
tumor
abnormal growth of a mass of cells in the body
ulcer
open sore
withdrawal
physical reaction occuring when a drug is taken away from an addicted person
axon
the single fiber leading away from the nerve cell body
brainstem
the lower portion of the brain just above the spinal cord
central nervvous system
the brain and the spinal cord
cerebellum
part of the brain located in the lower back part of the cranial cavity
cerebral hemorage
the result of a blood vessel bursting in the brain or on its surface
cerebral palsy
group of disabling conditions caused by damage to the central nervious system; legs and arms are drawn and unmangeable
cerebrospinal fluid
clear fluid in the ventricles of the brain and surrounding the spinal cord
cerebrum
uppermost and largest region of the brain
connecting neuron
central neuron in the spinal cord; passes messages from a sensory neuron to a motor neuron
cortex
outer surface of the brain, kidney, and adreanal gland
cranial cavity
the protective helment housing the brain
cranial nerves
nerves that connect various regions of the brain to different structures in the head
dendrites
fibers that carry impulses to the nerve cell body
ganglion
mass of nerve tissue containing nerve cells
gray matter
masses of nerve cell bodies in the brain and spinal cord
lobes
folds in the cortex of the cerebrum
medulla
enlargement at the top of the spinal cord; controls respiration and circulation and the inner regions of the kidneys and adrenal glands
medullary canal
an area at the center of a bone's shaft filled with marrow
meninges
protective membranes of the brain and spinal cord
midbrain
that part of the brainstem that connects the cerebellum and the cerebrum
mixed nerves
nerve bundles containing both sensory and motor nerves fibers
motor areas
the portions of the cerebrum that control movements
motor neuron
an efferent nerve that leads to a muscle
myoneural junction
gaps at the end of motor nerve branches in muscle
nerve impuls
a message picked up by a sensory receptor neuron and translated into a signal
neurons
nerve cells
neurotransmitters
substances that regulate sleep activities
parasympathetic nervous system
part of the autonomic nervous system
peripheral nervious system
nerves leading to and from the spinal cord
reflex arc
pathway for a simple nervous reaction: knee jerk
sensory areas
portions of the cerebrum that receive impulses from the sense organs
spinal nerves
nerves that branch off the spinal cord between bones of the spine
sympathetic nervous system
part of the autonomic nervous system
synapse
the gap an impulse must cross in order to be relayed from one nerve cell to another
white matter
masses of nerves in the brain and spinal cord
antianxiety drugs
called tranquilizers; reduce emotional tension and anxiety
antidepressant drugs
called psychic energizers; mood elevating effect
antisocial personality
characterized by need to dominate others, irritability, defiance, and cruelty
benzedrine
amphetamine; causes excitement and sleeplessness
low blood sugar
low level of sugar in the blood; resuling in fatigue
codeine
narcotic made from opium; used in cough medicine
denial
mental mechanism use to avoid facing an unpleasant reality
detoxification
removal of a drug from an addict's body; first step in treatment
dexedrine
amphetamine that causes excitement and sleeplessness
habits
acts that become automated
hashish
concentrated form of marijuana
heroin
narcotic drug; derivaitive of opium
mainlining
injecting a narcotic drug directly into a vein
malnutrition
lack of proper food
mescaline
hallucinagenic substance found naturally in peyote; severe side effects
methadone
synthetic narcotic drug use to treat heroin addiction
methaqualone
drug that produces fellings of calm and wellbeing; harmful side effects
morhpine
fine white powder used as a painkiller; made from opium
narcotic
drug designated by the government as addictive
paraquat
deadly pesticide sprayed on marijuana;can cause permanent lung damage
paragoric
mild narcotic made from opium to treat digestive pain and diarrhea
peyote
cactus the yeilds a hallucinogenic drug substance used by Native American Indian groups to produce visions
psilicybin (psilocyn)
hallucinigenic substance found in a type of Mexican mushroom
THC (tetrahydrocannibinol)
active substance in Marijuana
addiction
physical dependence on the continued supply of a drug
amphetamine
drug that acts as a stimulant gives feeling of mental alertness
barbituarites
group of sedative drugs used to depress the nervous system
cannabis (marijuana)
plant whose leaves are smoked for a mind altering effect
cocaine
drug made from leaves of the coca plant ; stimulant and painkiller
dependence
physical or psycological requirement for a continued supply of a drug
depressant
chemical agent that diminishes the activity of body functions
drug abuse
the over use of beneficial drugs and the misuse of of potentially dangerous drugs
inhalents
drugs that are volatile chemicals; cause intoxication when inhaled
drug
chemical substance that alters the mind or body
hallucinogens
drugs that produce hallucinations and visions
hallucinations
experiences of sensations with no external cause
inhalation
sucking air into the lungs
LSD (lysergic acid diethylamide)
hallucinogenic drug; acid; produces visions and behavioral changes
Opium
narcotic made from poppies
over the counter (otc) drugs
drugs sold without a prescription
PCP (angel dust)
synthetic drug; anesthetic for animals; now serious problem in drug abuse
sedatives
drugs that slow down nervous system activity
prescription drug
drug only available with a doctor's written permission
stimulant
drug that act on the nervous system to give a feeling of alertness and nervousness
synergistic effect
reaction to taking 2 or more drugs at the same time
tolerance
body's ability to become used to a drug's effect; requiring larger doses to get the same feeling
tranquilizers
drugs used to quiet the nervous system; relieve anxiety and psycosomatic illness
withdrawal symptoms
physical reaction when a drug is taken away from an addict
more from user
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