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Black Hand, symbol and name for a criminal and terroristic secret society, and especially associated with the Mafia and the Camorra. The Black Hand flourished in Sicily in the late 19th cent., and in the United States it was especially active in New York City at the beginning of the 20th century (Lupo The Wolf) Preyed on Little Italy in NYC.
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Black Hand
Black Hand, symbol and name for a criminal and terroristic secret society, and especially associated with the Mafia and the Camorra. The Black Hand flourished in Sicily in the late 19th cent., and in the United States it was especially active in New York City at the beginning of the 20th century (Lupo The Wolf) Preyed on Little Italy in NYC.
Black Sox Scandal
Arnold "the Brain" Rothstein was the epitome of a big time gambling operator and money maker for more than twenty years in NYU. Ar was a son of Jewish immigrants who settled in NY. Ar was a son of Jewish immigrants who settled in NY. He bribed 8 players on the Chicago White Sox to thrown the World Series. He later convinced a Grand Jury he was innocent.
Castellammarese War
began in 1930, Masseria-Maranzano conflict began. Lucky Luciano became famous for organzing New York's criminal rackets.
Eighteenth Amendment
an amendment to the Constitution of the United States adopted in 1920
Noble Experiment
also known as the prohibition movement spearheaded by prohibitionists', who ostensibly believed that alcohol was a dangerous drug that destroyed lives and disrupted families and communities. Consequently believed it was the governments' duty to enforce its prohibition and prohibit its sale. Between 1880-1890. A new wave of prohibition sentiment swept the evangelical protestant churches. Organized by the Woman's Christian Temperance Union., the Anti-Saloon League of America, and the National Prohibition Party, prohibitionists pressured their local politicians for an amendment to the Constitution banning the sale of alcohol.
Prohibition
The sentiments behind the Prohibition movement are vital to an understanding of the development of organized crime in America. The anti alcohol movements had more to do with the hatred of immigrants and the wealth they were achieving as a result of it. Also an attempt by white protestants to reassert their authority and political power against the growing power of urban immigrants. (Jewish, Italian, Irish, Black).
Roaring twenties
The time before prohibition. When gambling, racketeering, and nightclubs were popular.
Tammany Hall
Political organization controlled New York politics from the early days of the US. Was incorporated as a fraternal society in 1805 and was aligned closely with newly emerging Democratic party. Strength was based on its ability to elect candidates to the state legislature in Albany and to the board of alderman in NYC. Reached its peak of political power during the 1860's. William March Tweed became head of Tammany's general committee and then went on to become state senator in 1868 and facilitated the 1870 passage of a city charter that allowed Tammany Hall the authority to control the city's treasury without interference. The Tweed ring pillaged millions of dollars using bid-rigging schemes, padded payrolls and overpriced goods and services provided by Tammany thugs. Became synonymous with New York City's corrupt political machine.
Temperance Movement
In the 1840's the Washington Temperance societies conducted revival-style meetings to encourage similar pledges to be abstinent towards alcohol.
Twenty-first Amendment
The Twenty-first Amendment (Amendment XXI) to the United States Constitution repealed the Eighteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, which had mandated nationwide Prohibition.
Union Station Massacre
In 1933 the bloodiest crime event of the decade occurred in Kansas City. Lazia (Pendergast Political Machine) from Kansas orchestrated to free bank robber and killer Frank "Jelly" Nash from the custody of FBI agents who were transporting himto federal prison. In the late 1930's the government began to crack down on crime in Kansas city.
Untouchables
As a result of the VD Massacre, the FBI/Government and the infamous criminals the Treasury Dept assigned Elliott Ness to the Chicago Police Dept., to to fight the widespread corruption within the police dept. Selected a special squad of officers with whom to with. None could be corrupted, hence giving them the name the untouchables. The personal integrity of Ness and his band of detectives earned them the name from journalists. Ness and his men relentlessly pursued Capone and his gang, serving search warrants and conducting midnite raids. Capone was convicted of tax fraud finally and his reign came to an end.
Valentines Day Massacre
Opposition to Capone fell to another gang leader, Charles "Bug" Moran (Bugsy), his headquarters were located in a Clark St. garage which was the site of the St. Valentine's Day massacre. The massacre which was ordered by Capone planned by "Machine Gun" Jack McGurn and carried out by two of Chicago's most notorious killers, Albert Anselmiand John Scalasi. After ordering the massacre, Capone left Chicago for his Florida home thus providing an alibi. The hit men, dressed as police officers were driven to the garage in a black limousine. Believing them to be real police officers, Moran's men offered no resistance and lined up spread eagle on the garage wall. The hit men then opened fire, spraying them with a hail of machine gun bullets from left to right. Seven were dead on the floor of the garage. No one was ever tried for the killings.
Volstead Act
provided an enforcement mechanism to the prohibition of alcohol.
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