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democracy
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government by the people, either directly or indirectly, with free and frequent elections
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terms list
democracy
government by the people, either directly or indirectly, with free and frequent elections
direct democracy
government in which citizens vote on laws and select officials more directly
representative democracy
government that derives its powers indirectly from the people, who elect those who will govern; also called a republic
constitutional democracy
a government that enforces recognized limits on those who govern and allows the voice of the people to be heard through free, fair, and relatively frequent elections
constitutionalism
the set of arrangements, including checks and balances, federalism, separation of powers, rule of law, due process, and a bill of rights, that requires leaders to listen, think, bargain, and explain before they act or make laws. We then hold them politically and legally accountable for how they exercise their powers
statism
the idea that the rights of the nation are supreme over the rights of the individuals residing in that nation
popular consent
the idea that a just government must derive its powers from the consent of the people it governs
majority rule
governance according to the expressed preferences of the majority
majority
the candidate or party that wins more than half the votes cast in an election
plurality
candidate or party with the most votes cast in an election, not necessarily more than half
ideology
a consistent pattern of beliefs about political values and the role of government
theocracy
government by religious leaders, who claim divine guidance
Articles of Confederation
the first governing document of the confederate states, drafted in 1777, ratified in 1781, and replaced by the present Constitution in 1789
Annapolis Convention
a convention held in September 1786 to consider problems of trade and navigation, attended by five states and important because it issued the call to Congress and the states for what became the Constitutional Convention
Constitutional Convention
the convention held in Philadelphia, May 25 to September 17, 1787, that framed the ____________of the United States
Shay's Rebellion
Rebellion by farmers in western Massachusetts in 1786-1787, protesting mortgage foreclosures; led by Daniel Shays and important because it highlighted the need for a strong national government just as the call for the Constitutional Convention came out
Bicameralism
the principle of a two-house legislature
Virginia Plan
initial proposal at the Constitutional Convention made by the ________ delegation for a strong central government with a bicameral legislature, the lower house to be elected by the voters and the upper chosen by the lower
New Jersey Plan
proposal that the Constitutional Convention made by William Paterson of ___ ______ for a central government with a single house legislature in which each state would be represented equally
Connecticut Compromise
compromise agreement by states at the Constitutional Convention for a bicameral legislature with a lower house in which representation would be based on population and an upper house in which each state would have two senators
three-fifths compromise
compromise agreement between northern and southern states at the Constitutional Convention that ____________ of the slave population would be counted for determining direct taxation and representation in the House of Representatives
Federalists
supporters of ratification of the Constitution whose position promoting a strong central government was later voiced in the __________ party
Antifederalists
opponents of ratification of the Constitution and of a strong central government generally
The Federalist Papers
series of essays promoting ratification of the Constitution, published anonymously by Alexander Hamilton, John Jay, and James Madison in 1787 and 1788
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