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Social Conflict
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disagreements among people in a society over what the society's priorities should be with respect to the use of scarce resources.
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Social Conflict
disagreements among people in a society over what the society's priorities should be with respect to the use of scarce resources.
Politics
The process of resolving conflicts over how society should use its scarce resources and who should receive various benefits, such as wealth, status, health care, and higher education. According to Harold Lasswell, politics is the process of determining "who gets what, when, and how" in a society. According to David Easton, politics is "the authoritative allocation of values" in a society.
Government
The individuals and institutions that make society's rules and that also possess the power and authority to enforce those rules.
Power
The ability to influence the behavior of others, usually through the use of force, persuasion, or rewards.
Authority
The ability to exercise power, such as the power to make and enforce laws, legitimately.
Public Policies
Plans of action to support or achieve government goals that are designed to improve the lives of citizens.
Autocracy
A form of government in which the power and authority of the government are in the hands of a single person.
Monarchy
A form of autocracy in which a king, queen, emperor, empress, tsar, and tsarina is the highest authority in the government; monarchs usually obtain their power through inheritance.
The state
the department of the U.S. federal government that sets forth and maintains policy of the U.S., especially in negotiations with foreign governments and international organizations. One of the more or less internally autonomous territorial and political units composing a federation under a sovereign government.
Divine Right Theory
A theory that the right to rule by a king or queen was derived directly from God rather than from the consent of the people.
Democracy
A system of government in which the people have ultimate political authority. The word is derived from the Greek demos (people) and kratia (rule)
Dictatorship
A form of government in which absolute power is exercised by a single person who has usually obtained his or her power by the use of force.
Direct Democracy
A system of government in which political decisions are made by the people themselves rather than by elected representatives. This form of government was widely practiced in ancient Greece.
Representative Democracy
A form of democracy in which the will of the majority is expressed through smaller groups of individuals elected by the people to act as their representatives.
Republic
Essentially, a term referring to a representative democracy - in which the will of the majority is expressed through smaller groups of individuals elected by the people to act as their representatives.
Political Culture
The set of ideas, values, and attitudes about government and the political process held by a community or nation.
Liberty
The freedom of individuals to believe, act, and express themselves freely so long as doing so does not infringe on the rights of other individuals in the society.
Elite Theory
A theory of the state which seeks to describe and explain the power relationships in modern society. It argues that a small minority, consisting of members of the economic elite and policy-planning networks, holds the most power independent of a state's democratic elections process.
Pluralism
A conviction that various religious, ethnic, racial, and political groups should be allowed to thrive in a single society.
Popular Sovereignty
the doctrine that sovereign power is vested in the people and that those chosen to govern, as trustees of such power, must exercise it in conformity with the general will.
Limited Government
A form of government based on the principle that the powers of government should be clearly limited either through a written document or through wide public understanding; characterized by institutional checks to ensure that government serves public rather than private interests.
Legislative/Executive/Judicial Powers
Legislative: having the function of making laws. Executive: the branch of federal and state government that is broadly responsible for implementing, supporting, and enforcing the laws made by the legislative branch and interpreted by the judicial branch. Judicial: the court systems of local, state, and federal governments, responsible for interpreting the laws passed by the legislative branch and enforced by the executive branch.
Parliamentary Government
Government by a body of cabinet ministers who are chosen from and responsible to the legislature and act as advisors to a nominal chief of state.
Presidential Government
a system of government in which the powers of the president are constitutionally separate from those of the legislature.
Division of Powers
A basic principle of federalism established by the U.S. Constitution. In a federal system, powers are divided between units of government (such as the federal and state governments).
Republics
Essentially, a term referring to a representative democracy - in which the will of the majority is expressed through smaller groups of individuals elected by the people to act as their representatives.
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