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terms list
common
coeno-
fungus
myco-
-osis
a condition of
Arbuscular mycorrhizae
A distinct type of endomycorrhiza formed by glomeromycete fungi, in which the tips of the fungal hyphae that invade the plant roots branch into tiny treelike structures called arbuscles.
Ascocarp
The macroscopic fruiting body of a sac fungus.
Ascomycete
Any fungus of the class Ascomycetes (or subdivision Ascomycota) in which the spores are formed inside an ascus.
Ascus (plural, asci)
A saclike spore capsule located at the tip of the ascocarp in dikaryotic hyphae; defining feature of the Ascomycota division of fungi.
Basidiocarp
Elaborate fruiting body of a dikaryotic mycelium of a club fungus.
Basidiomycete
Member of the fungal phylum basidiomycota, club fungus. Clublike shape of basidium.
Basidium (plural, basidia)
A reproductive appendage that produces sexual spores on the gills of mushrooms. The fungal division Basidiomycota is named for this structure.
Chytrid
Member of the fungal phylum Chytridiomycota, mostly aquatic fungi with flagellated zoospores that probably represent the most primitive fungal lineage.
Club fungus
The common name for members of the phylum Basidiomycota. The name comes from the club-like shape of the basidium.
Coenocytic
Referring to a multinucleated condition resulting from the repeated division of nuclei without cytoplasmic division.
Conidium (plural, conidia)
A naked, asexual spore produces at the ends of hyphae in ascomycetes.
Deuteromycete
Traditional classification for a fungus with no known sexual stage. When a sexual stage for a so-called deuteromycete is discovered, the species is assigned to a phylum. Also called an imperfect fungus.
Dikaryotic
Referring to a mycellium with two haploid nuclei per cell, one from each parent.
Ectomycorrhizae
A type of mycorrhiza in which the mycellium forms a dense sheath, or mantle, over the surface of the root. Hyphae extend from the mantle into the soil, greatly increasing the surface area for water and mineral absorption.
Endomycorrhizae
A type of mycorrhiza that, unlike ectomycorrhizae, does not have a dense mantle ensheathing the root. Instead, microscopic fungal hyphae extend from the root into the soil.
Exoenzyme
A powerful hydrolytic enzyme secreted by a fungus outside its body to digest food.
Glomeromycete
Member of the fungal phylum Glomeromycota, characterized by forming a distinct branching form of endomycorrhizae (symbiotic relationships with plant roots) called arbuscular mycorrhizae.
Haustorium (plural, haustoria)
In symbiotic fungi, specialized hyphae that can penetrate the tissues of host organisms.
Heterokaryon
A mycelium formed by the fusion of two hyphae that have genetically different nuclei.
Hypha
A filament that collectively makes up the body of a fungus.
Karyogamy
The fusion of nuclei of two cells, as part of syngamy.
Microsporidia
Unicellular parasites of animals and protists that molecular comparisons suggest may be most closely related to zygomycete fungi.
Mold
A rapidly growing fungus that reproduces asexually by producing spores.
Mycelium
The densely branched network of hyphae in a fungus.
Mycorrhizae
Mutualistic associations of plant roots and fungi.
Mycosis
The general term for a fungal infection.
Opisthokont
Member of the clade Opisthokonta, organisms that descended from an ancestor with a posterior flagellum, including fungi, animals, and certain protists.
Pheromone
In animals and fungi, a small, volatile chemical that functions in communication and that in animals acts much like a hormone in influencing physiology and behavior.
Plasmogamy
The fusion of the cytoplasm of cells from two individuals; occurs as one stage of syngamy.
Sac fungus
Member of the phylum Ascomycota. Sac fungi range in size and complexity from unicellular yeasts to minute leafspot fungi to elaborate cup fungi and morels. About half of the sac fungi live with algae in the mutualistic associations called lichens.
Septum (plural, septa)
One of the cross-walls that divide a fungal hypha into cells. Septa generally have pores large enough to allow ribosomes, mitochondria, and even nuclei to flow from cell to cell.
Soredia
Small clusters of lichen hyphae with embedded algae.
Yeast
Single-celled fungi that inhabit liquid or moist habitats and reproduce asexually by simple cell division or by the pinching of small buds off a parent cell.
Zoospore
Flagellated spore occurring in chytrid fungi.
Zygomycete
Member of the fungal phylum Zygomycota, characterized by forming a sturdy structure called a zygosporangium during sexual reproduction.
Zygosporangium
In zygomycete fungi, a sturdy multinucleate structure, in which karyogamy and meiosis occur.
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