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homologous chromosomes
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A pair of matching chromosomes
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terms list
homologous chromosomes
A pair of matching chromosomes
chromatid
one of two identical "sister" parts of a duplicated chromosome
genome
the complete genetic material contained in an individual
intron
A sequence of bases on a gene that do not code for a protein, they are spliced out from the mRNA molecule
karyotype
shows homologous pairs of chromosomes arranged in order of diminishing size
nucleotide
monomer of nucleic acids made up of a 5-carbon sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base
Okazaki fragments
Short fragments of DNA that are a result of the synthesis of the lagging strand during DNA replication.
semi-conservative replication
A method of DNA replication in which parental strands separate, act as templates, and produce molecules of DNA with one parental DNA strand and one new DNA strand
primer
a short segment of nucleotides that serves as the starting point for DNA synthesis
template strand
the strand of DNA that the RNA polymerase uses as a guide to build complementary mRNA
chromosomes
coiled up/condensed structures of DNA and protein that contain genetic information
exon
sequence of DNA bases along a gene that codes for a protein
coding strand
A DNA strand that is not used as a template to manufacture a strand of RNA. It has the same base sequence as the m-RNA
leading strand
The new continuous complementary DNA strand synthesized along the template strand in the mandatory 5' to 3' direction.
unzipping
The breaking of hydrogen bonds between bases of the DNA molecule
lagging strand
The new complementary DNA strand that is synthesized in short fragments.
DNA ligase
An enzyme that catalyzes the covalent bonding of the 3' end of a new DNA fragment to the 5' end of another DNA segment
DNA polymerase
An enzyme involved in DNA replication that joins individual nucleotides to produce a DNA molecule
DNA helicase
An enzyme that breaks the hydrogen bonds between nucleotide bases of DNA unwinding the double helix during DNA replication
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