Digestive System Biology Flashcard | Flashcards-library.com

how the body obtains energy, builds tissue and controls body function using material from food we eat

any substance in food that can be used by the body

indigestible materials, mostly cellulose, found in foods.

unit in measuring the energy content of food

process of reducing food to small molecules that are absorbed into the body

tubelike structure through which food passes during digestion

physical breakdown of food into small particles

the chemical breakdown of large molecules into smaller molecules through hydrolysis

beginning of alimentary canal, food is physically and chemically digested

liquid that lubricates food and contains the enzyme-amylase to digest starch into maltose

moistens food and makes it easier to swallow

masticate food

mass of chewed food to be swallowed

back of mouth where four passages meet

closes the trachea when swallowing

connects pharynx to stomach

layer of mucus secreting cells that lines digestive tract

hollow interior space of the digestive tract

rhythmic muscular contractions and relaxations of digestive tract

J-shaped, muscular organ at end of esophagus

enzymes, H2O, mucus, and HCI in stomach

enzymes that break up proteins into smaller amino acid chains

principal protease in the stomach

soupy liquid that solids become in the stomach

coiled 6.5m long where most chemicals digest and absorption occurs

1st of three parts of SI, stomach empties into it

largest gland in the body, makes bile

substance that emulsifies fat into tiny droplets

green storage sac for bile

feathery gland near curve of the stomach that produces pancreatic juice

contains amylase, proteases and lipases to digest food in the SI

secreted by the SI, it contains enzymes that complete digestion of fats, carbs, and proteins

talking in digested nutrient through the walls of the SI

fingerlike projections in the intestinal lining that increases surface area for absorption

1.5m removes excess water, houses bacteria that breakdown indigestible material and produce vitamins, packages feces for egestion

worm-like sac attached to LI, vestigial

undigested material consisting of cellulose, bacteria, bile salts, mucus and worn out cells

last part of the long intestine, muscular portion that squeezes out feces (anus)