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how the body obtains energy, builds tissue and controls body function using material from food we eat
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Nutrition
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how the body obtains energy, builds tissue and controls body function using material from food we eat
Nutrition
any substance in food that can be used by the body
Nutrient
indigestible materials, mostly cellulose, found in foods.
Roughage
unit in measuring the energy content of food
kilojoule
process of reducing food to small molecules that are absorbed into the body
digestion
tubelike structure through which food passes during digestion
alimentary canal
physical breakdown of food into small particles
mechanical digestion
the chemical breakdown of large molecules into smaller molecules through hydrolysis
chemical digestion
beginning of alimentary canal, food is physically and chemically digested
mouth
liquid that lubricates food and contains the enzyme-amylase to digest starch into maltose
saliva
moistens food and makes it easier to swallow
mucus
masticate food
teeth
mass of chewed food to be swallowed
bolus
back of mouth where four passages meet
pharynx
closes the trachea when swallowing
epiglottis
connects pharynx to stomach
oesophagus
layer of mucus secreting cells that lines digestive tract
mucosa
hollow interior space of the digestive tract
lumen
rhythmic muscular contractions and relaxations of digestive tract
peristalsis
J-shaped, muscular organ at end of esophagus
stomach
enzymes, H2O, mucus, and HCI in stomach
gastric juice
enzymes that break up proteins into smaller amino acid chains
proteases
principal protease in the stomach
pepsin
soupy liquid that solids become in the stomach
chyme
coiled 6.5m long where most chemicals digest and absorption occurs
small intestine
1st of three parts of SI, stomach empties into it
duodenum
largest gland in the body, makes bile
liver
substance that emulsifies fat into tiny droplets
bile
green storage sac for bile
gall bladder
feathery gland near curve of the stomach that produces pancreatic juice
pancreas
contains amylase, proteases and lipases to digest food in the SI
pancreatic juice
secreted by the SI, it contains enzymes that complete digestion of fats, carbs, and proteins
intestinal juice
talking in digested nutrient through the walls of the SI
absorption
fingerlike projections in the intestinal lining that increases surface area for absorption
villi
1.5m removes excess water, houses bacteria that breakdown indigestible material and produce vitamins, packages feces for egestion
large intestine
worm-like sac attached to LI, vestigial
appendix
undigested material consisting of cellulose, bacteria, bile salts, mucus and worn out cells
faeces
last part of the long intestine, muscular portion that squeezes out feces (anus)
rectum
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