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an artificially generated collection of particles suspended in air.
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terms list
Aerosol
an artificially generated collection of particles suspended in air.
Anergy
diminished reactivity to specific antigens ; inability to react to skinptest antigen because of immunosupresssion.
antibody
a soluble protein molecule produced and secreted by body cells in response to an antigen; it is capable of binding to that specific antigen.
antigen
a substance that is capable, under appropriate conditions of inducing a specific immune response and of reacting with the products of that response, that is, with the specific antibody.
Endemic
the constant presence of a disease or infectious agent within a geographic area
epidemic
widespread occurrence of cases of an illness in a community or region; greater than the expected number of cases for the particular population.
Fomite/Fomes
an inanimate object or material on which disease-producing agents may be conveyed.
ELISA
an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; a lavoratory test to detect antibody in the blood serum
Immunity
the resistance that a person has against disease; it may be natural or acquired
Incubation period
the time interval between the tnitial contact with an infectious agent and the appearance of the first clinical sign or symptom of the disease
Infection
a state caused by the invasion, development, or multiplication of an infectious agent into the body.
primary infection
first time; no preexisting antibodies.
latent infection
persistent infection followint a primary infection in which the causative agent remains inactive with certain cells
recurrent infection
symptomatic reactivation of a latent infection
Microbiota
the microscopic living organisms of a region
pandemic
widespread epidemic usually affecting the population of an extensive region, several countries, or sometimes the entire globe
Parenteral
injection by a route other than the alimentary tract, such as subcutaneous, intramuscular, or intrvenous
Parotitis
inflammation of the parotid gland
pathogen
a virus, microorganism, or other substance that causes disease.
prion
protein particle lacking nucleic acid that has been implicated as the cause of certain neurodegenerative diseases like creutzfeldt-jacob disease
prodrome
early or premonitory symptom
retrovirus
virus with RNA as its core genetic material;requires the enzyme reverse transcriptase to convert its RNA into proviral DNA
Serologic diagnosis
the identification of a disease by serum markers of that specific condition
Seroconversion
after exposure to the etiologic agent of a disease, the blood changes from negative to positive for the serum marker for that disease; the time interval for conversion is specific for each disease
Serum marker
a specific finding by laboratory blood analysis that identifies an existing disease state
Shedding
presence of virus in body secretions, in excretions, or in body surface lesions with potential for transmission.
standard precautions
an approach to onfection control to protect DHCP and patients from pathogen that can be spread by blood or any other body fluid, secretion, or excretion except sweat, regardless of whether they contain blood.
Surveillance
continuing scrutiny of all aspects of occurrence and spread of a disease that are pertinent to effective control.
Susceptible host
host not possessing resistance against an infectious agent
horizontal transmission
passage of an infectious agent from one individual to another
vertical transmission
passage of an infectious agent from one generation to another by breastmilk or across the placenta
vector
a carrier that transfers an infectious microorganism from one host to another
virion
conplete virus particle made up of the nucleoid and capsid
virulence
the defree of pathogenicity or disease-evoking power of an infectious agent
virus
a subcellular genetic entity capable of gaining entrance into a limited range of living cells and capable of replication only with in such cells; a virus contains either DNA or RNA but not both.
Window period
the time between exposure resulting in infection and the presence of detectable serum antibody; antibody test is negative but infectious agent is transmissible during the window period.
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