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Vocal Resonance 3
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amp. And damping of vibrating sound produced by larynx when passing through resonating chambers in neck and head
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Vocal Resonance 3
amp. And damping of vibrating sound produced by larynx when passing through resonating chambers in neck and head
Respiration 3
driving force of voice. Primary function is to allow the exchange of gases to and from the environment (oxygen-> CO2)
Inspiration 3
phase in which air flows into the lungs
Expiration 3
: phase in which air flows out of lungs, and voice is produced
Diaphragm 3
dome shaped muscle separating thorax from abdomen, one of most important muscles in respiration
thorax 3
Air comes in and out due to ..., part of the upper torso containing heart, lungs and ribs
Boyle's Law 3
Gas pressure and volume are inversely proportional to one another
Kinetic theory of gases 3
provided volume and temperature are held constant , the force exerted on the walls of the containing vessel is a function of the number of gas molecule within the vessel
Cartilage 3
firm connective tissue, softer than bone
Arytenoids 3
pyramid shaped, and vocal cords are attached
Corniculates; 3
small cartilages attached to the upper (apex) part of the arytenoids
Cuneiforms 3
wedge shaped
vocal fry 3
low pitched, gravely, pulsating voice. 'Kenny Rodgers and Elmer Fudd
glottal fry 3
sense of desperation, hurt, and anger in voice. Kenny Rodgers.
larynx 3
protectant for lower respiratory tract. important in speech and swallowing,
unpaired cartilage 3
thyroid, cricoid, and epiglottis
Thyroid cartilage 3
largest carilage- adams apple
cricoid cartilage 3
shaped like a signet ring. below thyroid cartilage
epiglottis 3
free, projecting upward, closes over larynx during swalling to protect lower air passageways
Intrinsic laryngeal muscles 3
origin and insertion within larynx. important for pitch and loudness control
extrinsic larygeal muscles 3
origin outside larynx. help hold larynx in place. 'strap muscles'
hyoid bone 3
u shaped. supports tongue, helps hold larynx in place
vagus nerve 3
cranial nerve x- branches in the neck region- sometimes serves as speech mech. damage=severe voice disorder
Phonation 3
trans. of acoustic energy- vibration of air part.- with in larynx by vocal cord vibration
pitch 3
psychological perception of freq. and vibration
Bernoulli Principle 3
named after swiss mathematician- velocity of air flow through a tube inversely related to its pressure against side of tube. helps close vocal cords
Glottis 3
opening at level of vocal folds- with neg. Pressure vocal cords close and once touch blown apart
subglottal air pressure 3
Psub- Pressure below vocal cords
aerodynamic 3
myoelastic principle of voice prod.
velum 3
soft palate- lowered during sp. sound
hypernasal 3
defect=hole=too nasal (Randy Travis)
hyponasal 3
too little nasal resonance- 'cold in the nose'
nonverbal agenda 3
sarcastic
Breathy 3
vocal cords don't close completely or closure is brief- Marylin Monroe, Kathleen Turner, Vincent Price, Marlon Brando
strident 3
harsh- opposite of breathy- vocal cords close with excessive force. appear tense, hurried, aggressive and or intense- Janis Joplin, Rod Stewart, and Joe Pesci
edema 3
swelling- could cause hoarseness could be caused by vocal abuse, or disease. Demi Moore and James Brown- overcompensating to avoid breathiness
hard glottal attack 3
like a harsh force but force is on initial sounds and tension not on rest of word- increased loudness, stress and force an initial part pt word
harsh 3
see strident
strangled or wet strangled 3
progressive neuromuscular dis. mult. sc. and amytrophic lateral...? - voice is forced through tight muscles- wet when liquid builds up on vocal tract
cleft palate 3
hare lip- congenital birth defect- cranofacial abnormalities (1/700 births)
rehabilitation 3
restoration of an ability that was once present
bilateral 3
1 type of cleft palate- cleft on one side of face
unilateral 3
2nd type of cleft palate- cleft on both sides of face
falsetto 3
highest voice reg. produced by vibration of medial parts of vocal folds
habilitation 3
dev of an ability that absent at birth or during dev period
submucous cleft palate 3
not visible. mucus membrane in middle of mouth conceals that lack of fusion of the palate
bifid uvula 3
deviated uvula- divided into 2 parts- cleft of the muscel- leans to one side bc of muscle weakness
velopharyngeal incompetence 3
can result in hypernasality- soft palate does not adequately approx. the throat
prostheses 3
appliances like palatal lift, dentures, and bulbs
stroboscope 3
flashes light so vocal cord slow or stop vibrating
paralysis 3
muscle loses ability to contract or move due to neuromuscular damage
paresis 3
muscle has ability to partially contract or move
aphonia 3
total loss of voice due to paralysis
dysphonia 3
impairment in ability to prod. phonation
myonueral junction 3
site where nerve and muscle come together
unilateral adductor paralysis 3
paralysis on one side of larynx, of muscles of phonation that are res. for closing vocal cords. Breathiness sometimes hoarseness
midline 3
center of glottal opening
benign 3
non cancerous
metastasize 3
spread to other parts of the body
laryngectomy 3
removal of larynx
malignant 3
cancerous
stoma 3
hole in neck created after laryngectomy
esophageal sp. or electronic devices or surgery 3
after laryngectomy- options to regain speech
alaryngeal 3
w/out larynx speech
pseudo-glottis 3
artificial creation of vocal cords
electro larynx 3
handheld vibrating device- projects through neck and head of patient
belch talking 3
esophageal speech- taking a sm. am. of air into mouth and pushing into partially down esophagus
conversion reaction 3
psycho conflict or trauma is transformed into physical disorder
psychogenic disorder 3
psycho cause rather than physical or organic
the beautiful difference 3
La bella indiffence
hysterical aphonia 3
patient consistently whispers during sp and will not vibrate vocal cords to achieve voiced sp.- leads to loss of voice. can usually hum normal
hysterical dysphonia 3
chronic impairment of voice- quality changes, pitch peaks, loudness reactions, and whispering. sometimes occurs in cyles
esophageal speech 3
see belch talking
polyp 3
fluid filled blister on vocal cord. sessile and pedunculated
optimal pitch 3
easiest and most natural pitch to produce
reactive voice disorders 3
vocal nodules, polyps and contact ulcers
sessile 3
broad
pedunculated 3
hanging down
contact ulcers 3
abrasions or holes in vocal cords
habitual pitch 3
pitch most often used- habit
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