Chemistry I Ch. 2 Part 2 Flashcard | Flashcards-library.com

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pure substance

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matter composed of only one kind of atom or molecule

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terms list

pure substance

matter composed of only one kind of atom or molecule

mixture

a collection of two or more pure substances physically mixed together

alloy

a solid mixture

homogeneous mixture

a mixture containing substances that are uniformly distributed

solution

a homogeneous mixture that consists of substances mixed on the scale of individual particles

heterogeneous mixture

a mixture containing substances that are not evenly distributed

phase

any part of a system that has uniform composition and properties

element

the simplest pure substance from which complex materials are made; cannot be seperated into simpler substances by physical or chemical means; each are individual

atomic number

identifies the element; the number of atoms in the element

hydrogen

the most common element; makes of 90% of the elements

carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, and nitrogen

the 4 elements that make up living things

diatomic gas

nitrogen

allotropes

different molecular forms of an element in the same physical state

compound

a pure substance composed of two or more different elements

filter, evaporator, decant, centrifuge, chromatography, and distillation

the physical means of seperating mixtures

liquid

on the top when seperated

solid

on the bottom when seperated

distillation

seperating substances that have different boiling points

density

a ratio of an obeject's mass to its volume

D=m/v

equation for finding the density of an object

length

meters; m

mass

kilograms; kg

time

seconds; s

temperature

Kelvin; K

amount of a substance

mole; mol

electric current

ampere; A

luminous intensity

candela; cd

giga

billion; G

mega

million; M

kilo

thousand; k

deci

tenth; d

centi

hundreth; c

milli

thousandth; m

micro

millionth;

nano

billionth; n

pico

trillionth; p

K = C + 273

formula for converting degrees Celsius to Kelvins

0 K

absolute zero on the Kelvins scale; can't get any colder/lower

derived unit

a combination of base units

liter

base unit for volume in the metric system

cubic centimeter; equals a milliliter

Kelvins

temperature scale used in experiments; an SI unit

base unit

a single base unit

converting 50 kilograms into grams

50kg x 1000 g / 1 kg = 50,000 g

converting 55 kilometers per hour into meters per second (1km = 1000m)

55km / 1hr x 1000 m / 1km x 1hr / 60 min x 1 min / 60 s = 15 m / 1s

crystallization

seperates substances by formation of solid, pure particles from a solution

chromatography

seperates substances based on their movement through a special paper; mainly seperating dyes (seperating black ink into all the different colors that make it)

filtration

seperates solids from liquids by using a porous barrier (seperating coffee grounds and water)

aspirin, sodium chloride, and ice

examples of compounds

oxygen, nickel, francium, and silicon

examples of elements

neon

calcium

iron

titanium

fluorine

"pure"

a relative term

homogeneous, heterogeneous, and phase

the 3 types of mixtures

pure gold

24 karat gold

pure water

clear, oderless, produces hyrdrogen gas bubbles

100 C

boiling point of water

0 C

freezing point of water

In a mixture:

the properties vary because the substances in it vary; it can't be represented by a chemical formula

In a pure substance:

there are specific physical and chemical properties; examples are carbon dioxide, hydrogen, and copper

In a homogeneous mixture:

all regions are identical in their composition and properties; examples are gasoline, syrup, and salt-water

In a solution:

examples are gasoline, tea, and salt-water; relates to homogeneous mixtures

In a heterogeneous mixture:

some regions have different properties from other regions; they can take many forms; examples are oil-and-vinegar salad dressing, a plasic bottle, and crunchy peanut butter

true

mixtures contain more than one phase

true

no element has the same amount of atoms

true

if an element consists of molecules, those molecules contain just one type of atom

true

elements may be made of single atoms or molecules

glass

melted sand

Si and O2

make up most of the earth's crust

SiO2

sand

Na + Cl > NaCl

a pure substance

109

number of elements

oxygen allotropes

O2 (diatomic oxygen gas); O3 (ozone); O (oxygen)

carbon allotropes

graphite and diamond

differences between compounds and mixtures

1. Mixtures are never made of only a single compound 2. Properties of a mixture reflect the properties of the substances it contains; properties of a compound often bear no resemblence to the properties of the elements that compose it 3. Compounds have a definite composition by mass of their combining elements

nitrogen, hydrogen, and chlorine

elements that exist as molecules

extensive

a property of density

decant

method of pouring the liquid away from the solid (seperating sand and water)

centrifuge

tool that seperates matter of different densities ( seperating the solid and liquid parts of blood)

V = m/d

way of finding the volume of a substance when the mass and density are known

ionic compound

a compound made of at least two different elements taht are chemically joined

evaporate

method of evaporating the liquid part of a substance and leaving the solid part behind (evaporating water from salt)

magnetism

method of seperating magnetic components of a mixture from nonmagnetic components (seperating iron and steel)

"Systeme Internationale"

seven

number of base units

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