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Law of Definite Proportion
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a given compound always contains exactly the same proportion of elements by mass
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Law of Definite Proportion
a given compound always contains exactly the same proportion of elements by mass
Law of Multiple proportions
a law stating that when two elements form a series of compounds, the rations of the masses of the sencond element that combine with one gram of the first element can always be reduced to small whole numbers
Avogadro's Hypothesis
equal volumes of gases at the same temperature and pressure contain the same number of particles
Atomic Weights
the weighted average mass of the atoms in a naturally occuring element
Radioactivity
the spontaneous decomposition of a nucleus to form a defferent nucleus
Nuclear atom
an atom having a dense center of positive charge(the Nucleus) with electrons moving around the outside
Isotopes
atoms of the same element (same number of neutrons. they have identical atomic numbers but different mass numbers
Chemical bond
the force or energy that holds two atoms together in a compound
Covalent bond
a type of bonding in which electrons are shared by atoms
Molecule
a bonded collection of two or more atoms of the same or different elements
Chemical formula
the representation of a molecule in which the symbols for the elements are used to indicate the types of atoms present and subscripts are used to show the relative numbers of atoms
Structural formula
the representation of a molecule in which the relative positions of the atoms are shown and the bonds are indicated by lines
Space-filling model
a model of a molecule showing the relative sizes of the atoms and their relative orientations
Ball-and-stick model
a molecular model that distorts the sizes of atoms but shows bond relationships clearly
Ionic bond
the electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions
Ionic solid(salt)
a solid containing cations and anions that dissolves in water to give a solution containing the separated ions which are mobile and thus free to conduct electrical current
Metal
an element that gives up electrons relatively easily and is lustrous, malleable, and a good conductor of heat and electricity
Acid
a substance that produces hydrogen ions in solution; a proton donor
Oxyacid
an acid in which the acidic proton is attached to an oxygen atom
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