flashcard
1 / 56
Front
4 Function of the Muscular System
❮ prev
next ❯
1 / 56
Back
Movement, Posture, Joint Stability, Heat Production
❮ prev
next ❯
terms list
4 Function of the Muscular System
Movement, Posture, Joint Stability, Heat Production
Movement
Muscles contract, cause movement at joints
Posture
Hold you upright
Joint Stability
Hold bones/joints in place and allow movement
Heat Production
Muscles contract and cause blood flow to the area increases heat
4 Characteristics of Muscle as they relate to function
Excitability, Extensibility, Contractility, Elasticity
Excitability
Muscles ability to react to stimuli
Extensibility
Muscles ability to lengthen/or be stretched
Contractility
Muscles ability to shorten/contract
Elasticity
Muscles ability to recoil/return to original length
Structure (parts) of Skeletal Muscle
Epimysium, Perimysium, Endomysium
Epimysium
Connective tissue sheath that surrounds the entire muscle
Perimysium
Connective tissue sheath that surrounds a bundle of muscle fibers
Endomysium
Connective tissue sheath that surrounds the individual muscle fibers
Muscle Attachments
Ligament, Origin, Insertion, Tendon, Aponeurosis
Ligament
Cord like bunch of dense fibrous tissue that connects bone to bone (avascuslar)
Origin
End of a muscle that is attached to a relatively immobile part
Insertion
End of a muscle that is attached to a relatively mobile part
Tendon
Cord like bunch of dense fibrous tissue that connects muscles to bones or muscles to muscles (avascular)
Aponeurosis
Broad, flat, sheet like connective tissue that connects muscles to a bone or another muscle
Skeletal Muscle Fiber
Sarcolemma, Sarcoplasma, Sarcoplasmic Reticulum
Sarcolemma
Cell membrane of skeletal muscle fiber
Sarcoplasma
Fluid inside the cell (cyotoplasm) of skeletal muscle fiber
Sarcolplasmic Reticulum
Stores calcium (Ca+), needed for muscle contraction
Rachet Theory
How muscles contract, also known as the Sliding Filament Therory, 7 steps for a muscle contraction
Rachet Theory #1
Nerve impulse is sent
Rachet Theory #2
Calcium (Ca+) ions dumped and flood the sarcomere
Rachet Theory #3
Active sites of actin are exposed
Rachet Theory #4
Actin grab myosin and form a cross bridge
Rachet Theory #5
Bend and pull until they "break off:
Rachet Theory #6
Grab another active site of actin
Rachet Theory #7
Process continues as long as Ca+ ions are present
Types of Muscle Contractions
Tonic, Isotonic, Isometric, Concentric, Eccentric
Tonic (tone)
Amount of contraction at rest
Isotonic
The length of the muscle changes while the tone stays the same
Isometric
The length of the muscle stays the same while the tone changes
Concentric
Muscle shortens during contraction
Eccentric
Muscle lengthens during contraction
Roles of Muscles
Prime mover, Synergist, Antagonist, Stabilizer, Neutralizer
Prime mover
The muscle most responsible for a particular action; It has the the best mechanical advantage/line of pull
Synergist
Help the prime mover, not at a good line of pull to create the motion itself
Antagonist
Sits on the opposite end of the prime mover (of the joint) and has to "let go" in order for the prime mover to work
Stabilizer
Prevents unwanted motion at a joint (stablizers do not have to cross a joint to work)
Neutralizer
Doesn't help or hinder the motion
Naming Muscles
Size, Shape, Direction of fibers, Number of origin, Origin/Insertion, Action
Naming the muscle-Size
Large muscles= vastus, magnus, maximus; long muscles=longus; short muscles=brevis
Naming the muscle-Shape
Deltiod=triangle, Rhomboid=rhombus, Trapezius=trapezoid
Naming the muscle-Direction of fibers
Rectus=straight, Transverse=across, Oblique=diagonal
Naming the muscles-Number of origin
Biceps=2 heads/origins, tricpes=3 head/origins
Naming the muscle-Origin/Insertion
Brachioradialis=origin arm/insertion radius, Coracobrachialis=origin coracoid process of sapula/insertion arm
Naming the muscle-Action
Adductor Brevis-Adducts, Flexor Carpi Ulnaris-Flexes wrist
3 Types of Muscles
Smooth, Cardiac, Skeletal
Smooth Muscle
aka-visceral, non-striated and involuntary (peristalsis)
Cardiac Muscle
only in the heart, straited and involuntary
Skeletal Muscle
attached to the skeleton, voluntary and striated
7 Steps in the Rachet Theory
1. nerve impulse is sent, 2. Ca+ ions are dumped and flood the sarcomere, 3. active site of actin are exposed, 4. actin grab mysoin and form a cross bridge, 5. Bend and pull until they "break off", 6. Grab another site of actin, 7. Process continues as long as Ca+ ions are present
more from user
NASM ESSENTIALS OF CES
4 items
en en
NASM Practice Test
14 items
en en
A&P Final: Systems, Chap. 1-3 & 10
39 items
en en
Program Design Final
27 items
en en
ACE Chapter 14
23 items
en en
Chapter 7: Key Terms/Building Vocab.
37 items
en en
Chapter 8: Nervous System
64 items
en en
Chapter 13: Blood Vessels
6 items
en en
Chapter one Building vocab: Intro. to the Human Body
9 items
su en
Chapter one: Intro. to the Human Body, Building Vocab
8 items
oc en
Chapter one: Intro. to the Human Body
36 items
en en
Chapter 11: Blood
29 items
en en
similars
muscle structure and function
55 items
en en
Anatomy Chapter 10
42 items
en en
Mod B. Chap. 2
61 items
en en
Muscles
51 items
en en
likely
Foundations Final
23 items
en en
TExES History 7-12 (Revolution to Statehood)
55 items
en en
Skull Formina
27 items
en en
biology chapter 59-60
16 items
en en