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Need for Affiliation
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The basic motive to seek and maintain interpersonal relationships.
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Need for Affiliation
The basic motive to seek and maintain interpersonal relationships.
Proximity
In attraction research, the physical closeness between two individuals with respect to where they live, where they work, where they sit in a classroom, and so on. The smaller the physical distance, the greater the probability that the two people will come into repeated contract experiencing repeated exposure to one another, positive affect, and the development of mutual attraction.
Repeated Exposure
Zajonc's finding that frequent contact with any mildly negative, neutral, or positive stimulus results in an increasingly positive evaluation of that stimulus.
Physical Attractiveness
The combination of characteristics that are evaluated as beautiful or handsome at the positive extreme and as unattractive at the negative extreme.
Appearance-Rejection Sensitivity
From time to time these people worry about their appearance and fear that others may snub them because they don't quite measure up on this dimension.
Repulsion Hypothesis
Rosenbaum's provocative proposal that attraction is not increased by similar attitudes but is simply decreased by dissimilar attitudes. This hypothesis is incorrect as stated, but it is true that dissimilar attitudes tend to have negative effects that are stronger then the positive effects of similar attitudes.
Balance Theory
The formulations of Heider and of Newcomb that specify the relationships among 1. an individuals's liking for another person 2. his or her attitude about a given topic, and 3. the other person's attitude about the same topic. Balance results in a positive emotional state. Imbalance (liking plus disagreement) results in a negative state and a desire to restore balance. Nonbalance (disliking plus either agreement or disagreement) leads to indifference.
Social Comparison Theory
Festinger suggested that people compare themselves to others because, for many domains and attributes, there is no objective yardstick with which to evaluate the self, so we compare ourselves to others to gain this information.
Adaptive Response
Any physical characteristic or behavioral tendency that enhances the odds of reproductive success for an individual or for other individuals with similar genes.
Enemyship
This refers to a personal relationship based on hatred and malice in which one person wishes to produce another person's downfall and attempts to sabotage that person's life progress.
Interdependence
Refers to an interpersonal association in which two people influence each others' lives. They often focus their thoughts on one another and reularly engage in joint activities.
Attachment Style
The degree of security experienced in interpersonal relationships. Differential styles initially develop in the interactions between infant and caregiver when the infant acquires basic attitudes about self-worth and interpersonal trust.
Interpersonal Trust
An attitudinal dimension underlying attachment styles that involves the belief that other people are generally trustworthy, dependable, and reliable as opposed to the belief that others are generally untrustworthy, undependable, and unreliable. This is the most successful and most desirable attachment style.
Secure attachment style
A style characterized by high self-esteem and high interpersonal trust. This is the most successful and most desirable attachment style.
Fearful-avoidant attachment style
A style characterized by low self-esteem and low interpersonal trust. This is the most insecure and least adaptive attachment style.
Preoccupied attachment style
A style characterized by low self-esteem and high interpersonal trust. This is a conflicted and somewhat insecure style in which the individual strongly desires a close relationship but feels that he or she is unworthy of the partner and is thus vulnerable to being rejected
Dismissing Attachment Style
A style characterized by high self-esteem and low interpersonal trust. This is a conflicted and somewhat insecure style in which the individual feels that he or she deserves a close relationship but is frustrated because of mistrust of potential partners. The result is the tendency to reject the other person at some point in the relationship to avoid being the one who is rejected.
Close Friendship
A relationship in which two people spend a great deal of time together, interact in a variety of situations, and provide mutual emotional support.
Loneliness
The unpleasant emotional and cognitive state based on desiring close relationships but being unable to attain them.
Bilateral Symmetry
When the left and the right side of the body (or parts of a body) are alike.
Love
A combination of emotions, cognitions, and behaviors that often play a crucial role in intimate relationships.
Passionate Love
An intense and often unrealistic emotional response to another person. When this emotion is experienced, it is usually perceived as an indication of true love, but to outside observers it appears to be infatuation.
Unrequited Love
Love felt by one person for another who does not feel love in return.
Companionate Love
Love that is based on friendship, mutual attraction, shared interests, respect, and concern for one another's welfare.
Triangular Model of Love
Sternberg's conceptualization of love relationships.
Intimcy
In Sternberg's triangular model of love, the closeness felt by two people-the extent to which they are bonded.
Passion
In Sternberg's triangular model of love, the sexual motives and sexual motives and sexual excitement associated with a couple's relationship.
Decision (Commitment)
In Sternberg's triangular model of love, these are the cognitive processes involved in deciding that you love another person and are committed to maintain the relationship.
Consummate Love
In sternberg's triangular model of love, a complete and ideal love that combines intimacy, passion, and decision (commitment).
Assumed Similarity
The extent to which two people believe they are similar.
Narcissism
A personality disposition characterized by unreasonably high self-esteem, a feeling of superiority, a need for admiration, sensitivity to criticism, a lack of empathy, and exploitative behavior.
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