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Functions of the Skeletal system
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Support, Protection, Movement, Storage, Blood Cell Formation, Red Marrow, Yellow Marrow
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Functions of the Skeletal system
Support, Protection, Movement, Storage, Blood Cell Formation, Red Marrow, Yellow Marrow
Support
rigid frame that protects soft orgamns, supports the body againist gravity
Protection
protects soft body parts, Skull protect the brain, ribs protect lungs, heart
Movement
bones are attachement sites for muscles, these work together as simple levers to produce movement
Storage
stores calcium phosphate which is necessary for metabolic processes, helps maintain blood calcium levels, calcium level in blood to high its stored in bones, to low it is released from the bones
Blood Cell formation
know as hematopoieses - occurs in the red marrow of the bones
Red Marrow
located in most bones of an infant, and spongy bones of adults
Yellow Marrow
replaces red marrow as you age and is used to store fat
2 types of bone tissue
compact and spongy, the difference between the 2 is the density of the tissue
Compact Bone
the osteons are packed closely together ( found in Diaphysis)
Spongy Bone
less dense than compact bone, irregular cavities that contain red bone marrow
Classification of bones
according to size and shape and identify the general features of a long bone
Long Bones
these are longer than they are wide ( femur, humerus )
Short Bones
these are roughly cube-shaped ( carpals, tarsals)
Flat Bones
these have inner and outer tables of compact bone with a diploe of spongy bone in the midd;e (bones in the cranium)
Irregular bones
these are primary spongy bones with a thin layer of compact bone ( vertebrae)
Parts of a long bone
Epiphysis, Diaphysis, Medullary canal, yellow marrow, red marrow, endosteum, periosteum, spongy bone, compact bone, articular cartilage
Epiphysis
end of long bone
Diaphysis
shaft of the long bone
Medullary canal
center of long bone filled with yellow marrow
Yellow Marrow
stores fat, and make leukocytes, WBC
Red Marrow
found in the ends of bone, makes red blood cells
Endosteum
lines marrow cavity
Periosteum
lining that covers outside of bone, necessary for bone repair
Spongy Bone
a type of soft bone within the bone itself
Compact Bone
calcified spongy bone
Articular cartilage
covers epiphysis, acts as a shock obsorber between two bones at a joint
Bone growth
bones grow from the middle and lengthen at the diaphysis - lenght of boen grows until epiphyseal cartilage is ossified ( females 18yrs, Males 21 ys) - bones can healy quickly due to osteoblasts contunually depositing new bone
Osteblasts
bone cell that deposit new bone
Osteoclasts
bone cells which secrete enzymes to break down bone
Skelton
Axial and Appendicular
Axial
80 bones, skull, vertebrae, ribs, sternum
Appendicular
126 bones, appendages and their aattachments to the axial skeleton
Articulations
Where two joints meet - synarthroses, amphiarthroses, diarthroses
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