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lipids
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small naturally occurring organic molecules that have limited solubility in water and can be isolated from organisms by extraction with nonpolar solvents. examples are fats, oils, waxes, many vitamins, and hormones.
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lipids
small naturally occurring organic molecules that have limited solubility in water and can be isolated from organisms by extraction with nonpolar solvents. examples are fats, oils, waxes, many vitamins, and hormones.
waxes
are mixtures of esters of long-chain carboxylic acids with long chain alcohols.
fats
like butter and lard are solids. TAGs
oils
like corn and peanut oil are liquid. TAGs
triacylglycerols TAGs
triesters of glycerol with three long chain carbolxylic acids.
polyunsaturated fatty acids
they have more than one double bond.
micelles
spherical clusters. soap
phospholipids
diesters of phosphoric acid.
glycerophospholipids
are closely related to fats and oils in that tehy contatin a glycerol backbone linked by ester bonds to two fatty acids and one phosphoric acid.
lipid bilayer
cell membranes are composed mostly of glycerophospholipids organized into a ------.
prostaglandins
are a group of C20 lipids that contain a five-membered ring with two long side chains.
essential oils
steam distillation priduces these types of oils
terpenes
plant essential oils consist largely of mixtures of lipids (hydrocarbons) called ------. c=c2-c=c(isoprene).
terpenoids
plant essential oils consist largely of mixtures of lipids with a grup attached to it.
monoterpenes
10 carbon molecules made from two isoprene units.
sesquiterpenes
are 15 carbon molecules from three isoprene units.
diterpene
contain 20 carbon molecules from 4 isoprene units.
sesterterpene
contatin 25 carbon molecules from 5 terpene units.
triterpene
contain 30 carbon molecules from 6 terpene units. steroids
tetraterpene
contain 40 carbon molecules from 8 terpene units. vitamins
steroids
molecules whose structure are based on the following tetracyclic ring system. the four rings are designated A,B,C,D, beginning at the lower left, and the carbon atoms are numbered beginning in the A ring. chair conformations. steroids can have either a cis or a trans fusion of the A and B rings, but teh other ring fusions are usually trans.
hormones
most steroids function as,------, chemical messengesrs that are secreted by endocrine glands and carried through the bloodstream to target tissues.
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