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includes a network of lymphatic vessels that carry lymph.
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terms list
lymphatic system
includes a network of lymphatic vessels that carry lymph.
lymph
a fluid similar to plasma but with a lower concentration of proteins.
lymphoid organs
spleen, lymphatic vessel, thymus nodes, and thoracic duct.
lymphoid tissues
are interconnected by the lymphatic vessels.
primary lymphoid structures
containing stem cells
secondary lymphoid structures
containing immature or activated lymphocytes
lymphatic vessels
or lymphatics, carry lymph from peripheral tissues to venous system.
lymphatic capillaries
lymph flow along a network of lymphatics that originate in the _____ ______.
superficial and deep lymphatics
two sets of lymphatic vessels collect blood from the lymphatic capillaries.
thoracic duct and the right lymphatic duct
the lymphatic vessels empty into the?
80% T cells, B cells, and NK cells
three different classes of lymphocytes
T cells
thymus dependent; lymphocytes responsible for cellular immunity, and for the coordination and regulation of the immune response; include regulatory T cells (helpers and suppressors) and cystoxic (killer) T cells.
B cells
bone marrow-derived providing humoral immunity
NK cells
natural killer
lymphoctye
"wandering" cells because they can move from one area of the body to another by entering and exiting the blood stream freely.
Cytotoxic T cells
attack foreign cells or body cells infected by viruses, they provide cell mediated immunity.
cell mediated immunity
resistance to disease through the activities of sensitized T cells that destroy antigen bearing cells by direct contact or through the release of lymphotoxins; also called cellular immunity
Regulatory T Cells (helper & suppressor)
regulate, coordinate and communicate the immune response.
memory T cells
remain "on reserve"
plasma cells
B cells can differentiate, which produce and secrete antibodies that react with specific chemical targets, or antigens.
antigens
foreign substances that trigger the attack of antibodies in the immune response.
immunoglobulins
Antibodies in body fluids
antibody-mediated immunity
What B cells are responsible for
Memory B cells
activated if the antigen appears again at a later date.
NK cells
large granular lymphocytes; attack foreign cells, normal cells infected with viruses, and cancer cells.
immunological surveillance
constant monitoring of normal tissues by NK cells.
defense against bacteria
macrophage activation, antigen presentation, lymphocytes activation, bacterial destruction.
immune response
the goal is the destruction or inactivation of pathogens, abnormal cells, and foreign molecules such as toxins.
immunocompetence
the ability to recognize antigens
lymphopoiesis
(lymphocyte production) involves the bone marrow, thymus, and peripheral lymphoid tissues.
lymphoid tissues
connective tissues dominated by lymphocytes.
lymphoid nodule
the lymphocytes are densely packed in an area of loose connective tissue.
aggregated lymphoid nodules
important lymphoid modules, beneath the lining of the intestine, the appendix, and the tonsils in the walls of the pharynx.
tonsils
oval lymphatic tissues on each side of the pharynx that filter air to protect the body from bacterial invasion; also called palatine
Important Lymphoid organs
lymph nodes, the thymus, and the spleen.
lymph nodes
are encapsulated masses of lymphoid tissue.
deep cortex
is dominated by T cells
outer cortex and medulla
contain B cells arranged into medullary cords.
medullary cords
extend from the cortex and contain B cells, T cells, and plasma cells
lymph glands
the largest lymph nodes, found where peripheral lymphatics connect with the trunk.
cervical lymph nodes
monitor lymph originating in the head and neck
axillary lymph nodes
filter lymph arriving at the trunk from the upper limbs. In women, nodes also drain lymph from mammary glands
popliteal lymph nodes
filter lymph arriving at the thigh from the leg
inguinal lymph nodes
monitor lymph arriving at the trunk from the lower limbs.
thoracic lymph nodes
receive lymph from the lungs, respiratory passageways, and mediastinal structures
abdominal lymph nodes
filter lymph arriving from the urinary and reproductive systems.
intestinal lymph nodes
the lymphoid tissue of Peyer's patches
mesenterial lymph nodes
receive lymph originating from the digestive tract.
thymus
lies posterior to the manubrium, in the superior mediastinum.
Epithelial cells
scattered among the lymphocytes produce thymic hormones.
blood-thymus barrier
does not allow free exchange between the interstitial fluid and the circulation, protecting the T cells from being prematurely activated.
involution
After puberty the thymus gradually decreases in size.
spleen
adult; contains the largest mass of lymphoid tissue in the body.
diaphragmatic surface
of the spleen lies against the diaphragm
visceral surface
is against the stomach and kidney and contains a groove called the hilus.
hilus
groove along the medial surface of the lung, that provides entrance to pulmonary vessels, nerves and lymphatics.
pulp
the cellular components form the ___ of the spleen.
Red pulp
contains large numbers of RBCs
white pulp
areas of ____ ____ resemble lymphatic nodules.
Splenomegaly
often caused by infection, inflammation, and cancer.
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