Chapter 2 The Chemistry Of Life Flashcard

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Protons

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Positively Charged Antom; found in the core

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Protons

Positively Charged Antom; found in the core

Neutrons

No charge, found in the core

Electrons

Negatively charged antom, found in a cloud around core

Covalent Bonds

(electron sharing) formed when electrons are shared between 2 elements; strongest type of bond

Ionic Bonds

(electron donating) electrons from one atom are donated to another creating an ion

Hydrogen Bonds

(weak electrical attractions) larger oxygen molecules pull smaller hydrogen molecules together

Organic Molecule/compounds

combinations of atoms containing carbon

Carbohydrates

Made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in the proportion of 1:2:1; main source of energy; provides structure in plants

Monosaccharide

tpye of carbonhydrates that are simple sugars, are building blocks of carbonhydrates

Disaccharides

Double sugars, 2 monosaccharides put together

Polysaccharides

Many sugars, 3 or more monosaccharides put together

starches

plants store energy in this form

Glycogen

animals store energy as this form in two areas

Cellulose

used inthe structure of the cell wall of plants. Can't be digested by humans but is essental for digestive health

Liver and muscles

What two places do animals store Glycogen?

Lipids

Insoluble organix compounds that don't dissolve in water; made of fatty acids and gltcerol in the proprtion of of 1:3, held togerther by hydrogen bonds; store alot of energy

lipids

what contains almost 2x the energy found in carbonhydrates

non-polar molecules

(like oil) can't dissolve in water and do not create a solution

polar molecules

can dissolve in water creating a solution

Acids

form hydrogen ions when dissolved in water

bases

reduce hydrogen ions in water

Fats and oils

provide long term energy storage and act as insulation to keep animals warm

Saturated fats

stick butter, lard; that whitish waxy looking stuff that forms on a steak or hambuger in the fridge; unhealthy fats that effect heart and liver functions

Unsutrated fats

Olive oil, fish oil, etc.; are much better for you and can even raise your level of "good cholesterol"

Waxes

Provide protection by repelling water

Phospholipids

make up the cell membrane

steroids

severe structural and control functions in the body

proteins

large complex molecules made of amino acids

movement

an action and myocin and proteins needed for contraction and relaxation of muscle fibers and therefore muscle fibers and therefore muscle movement

structure

collagen is the most abundant portein in the human body, it gives electrify and firmness to skin; form bones, tendons, ligaments, and cartilage

defense

antibodies are protiens that help animals fight off invasion by viruses and bacteria

Transport

hemoglobin is the protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen through a bloodstream; a lack of red blood cells is called anemia

Nutrition

casin is a protein in breast milk that stores amino acids for use by newborn mamals to build muscles and repair damages

Regulation

enzymes speed up chemical reactions in the cells

Nuclear Acids

large complex molecules that contain hereditary or genetic info

DNA and RNA

What are the two types of Nuclear acids?

DNA

carries instructions that control the activities of the cell

RNA

responsible for protein synthesis

yes

Does Water store heat efficiently?

yes

Is water adhesive?

energy

the ability to move or change mater

Metabolism

all the chemical reactions that occur within an organism

Activation Energy

energy that needed to start a reaction

Enzymes

act as a catalyst to speed up reactions once started

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The Chemistry of Life