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first permanent English settlement in the New World, 1607
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Jamestown
first permanent English settlement in the New World, 1607
gold
motive for English exploration that was futile
malaria
disease that killed many early settlers living in swampy coastal areas
John Smith
early leader of Jamestown whose methods helped save the colony
Lord De La Warr
Governor of Jamestown who arrived in 1610, immediately imposing a military regime in Jamestown and declaring war against the Powhatan Confederacy. Employed "Irish tactics" in which his troops burned houses and cornfields.
tobacco
Cash crop that made a profit and saved Jamestown
Headright System
the Virginia Company's policy of granting 50 acres of land to each settler and to each family member who accompanied him
Powhatan
Indian chief and founder of confederacy to defend against British settlers, father of Pocahontas
Virginia Company
A joint-stock company: based in Virginia in 1607: founded to find gold and a water way to the Indies: comfirmed all Englishmen that they would have the same rights as Englishman in motherland
George Calvert
Started a colony that became a safe haven for Catholics; "Lord Baltimore"
Act Concerning Religion
Penned by Lord Baltimore, an act which allowed Catholics and Protestants to practice their religion freely
Governor Berkeley
removed as Virginia governor but regained power after Nathaniel Bacon died. Ended Bacon's Rebellion.
Nathaniel Bacon
a planter who led a rebellion with one thousand other Virginians in 1676; the rebels were mostly frontiersmen forced toward the backcountry in search of fertile land
Bacon's Rebellion
Dispute over land between natives, settlers, and colonial government; results in Jamestown being burned to the ground
backcountry
A region of hills and forests west of the Tidewater.
Mayflower Compact
This document was drafted in 1620 prior to settlement by the Pilgrims at Plymouth Bay in Massachusetts. It declared that the 41 males who signed it agreed to accept majority rule and participate in a government in the best interest of all members of the colony. This agreement set the precedent for later documents outlining commonwealth rule.
Plymouth
a town in Massachusetts founded by Pilgrims in 1620
William Bradford
A Pilgrim and second governor of Plymouth colony, 1621-1657. Developed private land ownership and helped colonists get out of debt. Helped the colony survive droughts/crop failures/Indian attacks
Massachusetts Bay Company
joint-stock company chartered by Charles I in 1629. It was controlled by Non-Separatists who took the charter with them to New England and, in effect, converted it into a written constitution for the colony.
John Winthrop
1588-1649 First governor of the Massachusetts Bay Colony in 1630.
"city upon a hill"
phrase describing Puritan colonialists view that theirs would become an example for other Christians to follow; a holy commonwealth
Thomas Hooker
Clergyman, one of the founders of Hartford (Conn.)
Roger Williams
English clergyman and colonist who was expelled from Massachusetts for criticizing Puritanism, he founded Providence in 1636 and obtained a royal charter for Rhode Island in 1663
Anne Hutchinson
Puritan dissenter banished from the Massachusetts Bay Colony who fled to Rhode Island in 1638, believed in direct personal connection with god
King Philip's War
war between New England colonists and Native American groups allied under leadership Wampanoag chief Metacomet
English Civil War
war in England between the Parliamentarians and the Royalists under Charles I; 1644-1648 (Cavaliers vs. Roundheads)
Kinh James I
wrote, "A Counterblaste to Tobacco" (1604) criticizing smoking
The Society of Friends
Radical Protestant group. Thought everyone equal (women preachers). Condemned war and extravagance (Quakers)
William Penn
Englishman and Quaker who founded the colony of Pennsylvania (1644-1718)
House of Burgesses
the first elected legislative assembly in the New World established in the Colony of Virginia in 1619, representative colony set up by England to make laws and levy taxes but England could veto its legistlative acts.
slavery
began in the colonies with the import of, "20 and odd Negroes" to Jamestown
James Oglethorpe
Founder and governor of the Georgia colony. He ran a tightly-disciplined, military-like colony. Slaves, alcohol, and Catholicism were forbidden in his colony.
mercantalism
an economic policy under which nations sought to increase their wealth and obtaining large amounts of gold and silver by selling more than they bought.
Navigation Acts
Laws that governed trade between England and its colonies. Colonists were required to ship certain products exclusively to England.
Dominion of New England
combined colonies of Mass, RI, NH, and Conn into a single province headed by a royal governor (allowed for greater control from Britain). In 1692, colonists drove out Governor Andros.
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