flashcard
1 / 33
Front
hindsight bias
❮ prev
next ❯
1 / 33
Back
the tendency to believe, after learning an outcome, that one would have foreseen it
❮ prev
next ❯
terms list
hindsight bias
the tendency to believe, after learning an outcome, that one would have foreseen it
theory
an explanation using an integrated set of principles that organizes and predicts observations
hypothesis
a testable prediction, often implied by a theory
operational definition
precise statements of the procedures (operations) used to define independent and dependent variables research variables
replication
repeating the essence of a research study, usually with different participants in different situations, to see whether the basic finding extends to other participants and circumstances
scientific method
A self correcting process for asking questions and observing nature's answer.
critical thinking
thinking that does not blindly accept arguments and conclusions. Rather, it examines assumptions, discerns hidden values, evaluates evidence, and assesses conclusions.
case study
an observation technique in which one person is studied in depth in the hope of revealing universal principles
survey
a technique for ascertaining the self-reported attitudes or behaviors of people, usually by questioning a representative, random sample of them
false consensus effect
the tendency to overestimate the extent to which others share our beliefs and behaviors
population
all the cases in a group, from which samples may be drawn for a study
random sample
a sample that fairly represents a population because each member has an equal chance of inclusion
naturalistic observations
involves observing and recording behavior in naturally occurring situations without trying to manipulate or control the situation
correlation
a measure of the extent to which two factors vary together, and thus of how well either factor predicts the other
scatter plot
a graphed cluster of dots, each of which represents the values of two variables. The slope of the points suggests the direction of the relationship between the two variables. The amount of scatter suggests the strength of the correlation (little scatter indicates high correlation.)
illusory correlation
The perception of a relationship where none exists
experiment
A research method in which an investigator manipulates one or more factors to observe the effect of some behavior or mental process
Double-blind procedure
An experimental procedure in which both the research participant and the research staff are ignorant about whether the participant have recieved the treatment or the placebo.
Placebo effect
experimental results caused by expectations alone; any effect on behavior caused by the administration of an inert substance or condition, which is assumed to be an active agent.
experimental condition
The condition of an experiment that exposes participants to the treatment, that is, to one version of the independent variable.
Control condition
the condition of an experiment that contrasts with the experimental condition and serves as a comparison for evaluating the effect of the treatment.
Random assignment
the procedure of assigning subjects to the experimental and control conditions by chance in order to minimize preexisting differences between the groups
independant variable
the experimental factor that is manipulated; the effect being studied
dependant variable
the outcome factor; the variable that may change in response to manipulations of the independant variable.
mode
the most frequently occuring score in a distribution
mean
the arithmetic average of a distribution, obtained by adding the scores and then dividing by the number of scores.
median
the middle score in a distribution; half the scores are above it and half are below it.
range
the difference between the highest and lowest scores in a distribution.
standard deviation
a computed measure of how much scores vary around the mean score.
statistical significance
a statistical statement of how likely it is that an obtained result occurred by chance
culture
the enduring behaviors, ideas, attitudes, and tradition shared by a large group of people and transmitted from one generation to the next.
Placebo
An inert substance or condition that is administered as a test of whether an experimental subjects who mistakenly thinkls a treatment.
Random sample
A sample that fairly represents a population because each member has an equal chance of inclusion.
more from user
Act 3 scene 3
3 items
en en
心理活動
15 items
zh-CN en
手部動作
5 items
zh-TW en
lang vocab q2
60 items
en en
UNIT 4 BIOLOGY STUDY GUIDE: PROTEIN SYNTHESIS
26 items
en en
ch 21 haircolor cosmo
80 items
en en
Cholesterol Metabolism
20 items
en en
Healthy living and food
10 items
fr en
Top 50 - Posologies (tous)
88 items
fr fr
nervous system
30 items
en en
Microbio Exam 3
25 items
en en
Vocab #4
10 items
en en
similars
Psych (Myers 8e) chapter 1
32 items
en en
psych chap 1
30 items
en en
Myers Psychology Chapter 1 Key Terms
31 items
en en
AP Psychology Vocab: Chapter 1
30 items
en en
likely
Thinking Critically with Psychological Science
19 items
en en
AP Psych Vocab Review - Studies, Statistics, Experimentation
27 items
en en
Chapter 1: Methodology
36 items
en en
AP Psychology #1
31 items
en en