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False Consensus Effect
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the tendency to overestimate the extent to which others share our beliefs and behaviors
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terms list
False Consensus Effect
the tendency to overestimate the extent to which others share our beliefs and behaviors
Population
all of the cases in a group from which samples may be drawn for a study.
random sample
a sample that fairly represents a population because each member has an equal chance of inclusion
naturalistic observation
observing and recording behavior in naturally occurring situations without trying to manipulate and control the situation
correlation
a measure of the extent to which two factors vary together, and thus of how well either factor predicts the other
Scatterplot
a graphed cluster of dots, each of which represents the values of two variables. The slope of the points suggests the direction of the relationship between the two variables. The amount of scatter suggests the strength of the correlation (little scatter indicates high correlation). (Also called a scattergram or scatter diagram.) (Myers Psychology 8e p. 031)
experiment
a research method in which an investigator manipulates one or more factors (independent variables) to observe the effect on some behavior or mental process (the dependent variable). By random assignment of participants, the experimenter aims to control other relevant factors. (Myers Psychology 8e p. 036)
illusory correlation
the perception of a relationship where none exists
Double- blind procedure
An experimental procedure in which both the research participant and the research staff are ignorant about whether the participants have received the treatment or the placebo
placebo effect
experimental results caused by expectations alone; any effect on behavior caused by the administration of an inert substance or condition, which is assumed to be an active agent.
experimental condition
the condition of an experiment that exposes participants to the treatment, that is, to one version of the independent variable
control condition
the condition of an experiment that contrasts with the experimental condition and serves as a comparison for evaluating the effect of the treatment
culture
the enduring behaviors, ideas, attitudes, and traditions shared by a large group of people and transmitted from one generation to the next
statistical significance
a statistical statement of how likely it is that an obtained result occurred by chance
standard deviation
a computed measure of how scored very around the mean score.
range
the difference between the highest and lower scores in a distribution
random assignment
assigning participants to experimental and control conditions by chance, thus minimizing preexisting differences between those assigned to the different groups
mean
arithmetic average of a distribution obtained by adding the scores and then dividing by the # of scores
mode
the most frequently occuring scores in a distribution
median
the middle score in a distribution half of the scores are above it and half below it
dependent variable
the outcome factor the variable that may change in response to manipulation of independent variable
independent variable
experimental factor that is being manipulated
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