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personality
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a person's unique and relatively stable behavioral patterns
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terms list
personality
a person's unique and relatively stable behavioral patterns
personality
___________ refers to the consistency in who you are, have been, and will become
character
confused with personality; personal characteristics that have been judged; a person's desirable or undesirable qualities
personality traits
a stable quality that a person shows in most situations
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personality starts around age_____ and continues to harden through age _____?
behavioral genetics
the study of inherited behavioral traits
heredity
_________ is responsible for about 25 to 50% of the variation in many personality traits
introvert
a shy, reserved person whose attention is focused inward
extrovert
a bold, outgoing person whose attention is focused outward
Sigmund Freud
His model portrays personality as a dynamic system directed by three mental structures, the id, the ego, and the superego
id
made up of innate biological instincts and urges; self-starving, irrational, impulsive and totally unconscious
pleasure principle
the id operates on the ______________?
psyche
the id acts as a well of energy for the entire ________?
libido/life instincts
energy for the psyche is called ________ and flows from the ________
death instinct
aggressive and destructive urges; wars and violence
ego
described as the executive, because it directs energies supplied by the id
reality principle
the ego is guided by the _________?
ego
The _______ is a system of thinking, planning, problem solving, and deciding, it is in the conscious control and often delays action until it is appropriate
superego
acts as a judge or censor for the thoughts and actions of the ego
conscience
reflects actions for which a person has been punished; part of the superego
ego ideal
a source of goals and aspirations
neurotic anxiety
impulses from the id cause __________ when the ego is threatened or overwhelmed
moral anxiety
threats of punishment from the superego cause ___________?
unconscious
holds repressed memories and emotions, plus the instinctual drives of the id
conscious
everything you are aware of at any given moment, including thoughts perceptions, feelings, and memories
erogenous zone
an area capable of producing pleasure
fixation
an unresolved conflict or emotional hang-up caused by overindulgence or by frustration
four psychosexual stages
oral,anal, phallic, and genital
oral-dependant personality
gullible and passive and need lots of attention
oral-aggressive
exploit others and like to argue
oral stage
during the first year of life, infants pleasure comes from stimulation of the mouth (0-1)
anal stage
between the ages of 1 and 3, the child's attention shifts to the process of elimination
anal-retentive
(holding on) obstinate, stingy, orderly, and complusively clean
anal-expulsive
(letting go) disorderly, destructive, messy, and cruel
humanism
an approach that focuses on human experience, problems, potentials and ideals
human nature
those traits, qualities,potentials, and behavior patterns most characteristic of the human species
free choice
the ability to freely make choices that are not controlled by genetics, learning or unconscious forces
subjective experience
reality as it is percieved and interpereted, not as it exists subjectively
fully fuctioning person
a person living in harmony with her or his deepest feelings, impulses, and intuitions
self
a continuously evolving conception of one's body and personal identity
self image
total subjective perception of one's body and personality
incongruence
state that exists when there is a discrepency between one's experiences and self image or between one's self image and ideal self
incongruent person
a person who has a inaccurate self image or whose self image differs greatly from the ideal self
ideal self
a idealized image of oneself (the person you would like to be)
conditions of worth
internal standards useda to judge the value of one's thoughts, actions, feelings or experiences
positive self regard
thinking of oneself as good, lovable, worthwhile person
organismic valuing
a natural, undistorted, full body reaction to an experience
unconditional positive regard
unshakable love and approval given without qualification
rorschach "inkblot" technique
oldest and most widely used projective test consisting of ten standardized inkblots
thematic perception test
a projective test consisting of 20 different scenes and life situations about which respondents make up stories
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