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Adam's apple
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thyroid cartilage, supportive structure of larynx; larger in males
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terms list
Adam's apple
thyroid cartilage, supportive structure of larynx; larger in males
adenoids
collection of lymphoid tissue in nasopharynx; aka 'pharyngeal tonsils'
alveolus (pl. alveoli)
air sac at end of each bronchiole
apex
topmost section of lung
base
bottom section of lung
bronchiole
fine subdivision of bronchi, made of smooth muscle and elastic fibers
bronchus (pl. bronchi)
one of two airways from trachea to the lungs
cilia
hairlike extensions of a cell's surface that usu. provide some protection by sweeping foreign particles away
diaphragm
membranous muscle betw. abdominal and thoracic cavities that contracts and relaxes during the respiratory cycle
epiglottis
cartilaginous flap that covers larynx during swallowing to prevent food from entering the airway
exhalation ALSO expiration
breathing out
external nares OR nostrils
external openings at base of nose
external respiration
exchange of air betw. body and outside environment
glottis
part of larynx consisting of vocal folds of mucous membrane and muscle
hilum, hilus
midsection of lung where nerves and vessels enter and exit
hypopharynx, laryngopharynx
part of pharynx below and behind larynx
inferior lobe
bottom lobe of lung
inhalation ALSO inspiration
breathing in
intercostal muscles
muscles between ribs
internal respiration
exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between cells
larynx, voice box
organ of voice production in the respiratory tract, between pharynx and trachea
lungs, L and R
two organs of respiration in the thoracic cavity, where oxygenation of blood occurs
mediastinum
median portion of thoracic cavity; septum between two areas of an organ or cavity
middle lobe
middle section of right lung
nasal cavity
opening in external nose where air enters the body
nasal septum
cartilaginous division of external nose
nasopharynx
portion of throat above soft palate
nose
external structure supported by nasal bones and containing nasal cavity
oropharynx
back portion of mouth, a division of the pharynx
palatine tonsils
lymphatic tissue that works as part of immune system
paranasal sinuses
area of nasal cavity where external air is warmed by blood in the mucous membrane lining
parietal pleura
outer later of pleura
pharyngeal tonsils
ion of lymphoid tissue in nasopharynx, aka 'adenoids'
pharynx OR throat
passageway at back of mouth for air and food
pleura (pl. pleurae)
double layer of membrane making up outside of the lungs
pleural cavity
space between the two pleura
respiratory tract
passageways that move air into and out of lungs
septum
cartilaginous division, as in nose or mediastinum
soft palate
flexible muscular sheet that separates nasopharynx from the rest of the pharynx
superior lobe
topmost lobe of each lung
thorax
chest cavity
trachea OR windpipe
airway from larynx into the bronchi
visceral pleura
inner layer of the pleura
vocal cords
strips of epithelial tissue that vibrate and play major role in sound production
adenoid(o)
adenoid, gland
alveol(o)
alveolus
bronch(o), bronchi(o)
bronchus
bronchiol(o)
bronchiole
capn(o)
carbon dioxide
epiglott(o)
epiglottis
laryng(o)
larynx
lob(o)
lobe of the lung
mediastin(o)
mediastinum
nas(o) OR rhin(o)
nose
or(o)
mouth
ox(o), oxi-, oxy
oxygen
pharyng(o)
pharynx
phon(o)
voice, sound
phren(o)
diaphragm
pleur(o)
pleura
pneum(o), pneumon(o)
air, lung
spir(o)
breathing
steth(o)
chest...See thorac(o)
thorac(o)
thorax, chest...See steth(o)
tonsill(o)
tonsils
trache(o)
trachea
arterial blood gases
lab test: measures levels of oxygen and CO2 in arterial blood
auscultation
listening to internal sounds with stethoscope
bronchial alveolar lavage
retrieval of fluid for exam through a bronchoscope
bronchial brushing
retrieval of material for biopsy by insertion of brush thru a bronchoscope
bronchography
radiological picture of trachea and bronchi
bronchoscope
device to examine airways
endoscope
tube used to view a body cavity
laryngoscopy
visual exam of mouth and larynx using endoscope
mediastinoscopy
visual exam of mediastinum and all organs within, using endoscope
nasopharyngoscopy
exam of nasal passages and pharynx, using endoscope
peak flow meter
device to measure breathing capacity
percussion
tapping on surface of body to hear if lungs are clear
pulmonary function tests
tests to measure mechanics of breathing
spirometer
testing machine to measure lungs' volume and capacity
sputum sample or culture
culture of material that is expectorated (or brought back up as mucus)
sweat test
measures salt in sweat and to identify cystic fibrosis
throat culture
test for streptococcus or other infections. Swab from surface of throat place in culture to see if certain bacteria grow
anthracosis OR 'black lung'
lung disease caused by long-term inhalation of coal dust
apnea
cessation of breathing
asbestosis
lung disease caused by long-term inhalation of asbestos
asthma
chronic condition with obstruction or narrowing of bronchial airways
atelectasis
collapse of a lung or part of a lung
bacilli (sing. bacillus)
type of bacteria that causes tuberculosis
bradypnea
abnormally slow breathing
bronchitis
inflammation of the bronchi
bronchospasm
sudden contraction in bronchi that causes coughing
Cheyne-Stokes respiration
irregular breathing pattern: apnea followed by deep, labored breathing, then shallow, then apneic
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
disease of bronchial tubes or lungs w/ chronic obstruction
crackles OR rales
popping sounds heard in lung collapse or other conditions
croup
acute respiratory syndrome in children or infants accompanied by seal-like coughing
cystic fibrosis
disease that causes chronic airway obstruction and also affects bronchial tubes
diptheria
acute infection of throat and upper respiratory tract, caused by bacteria
dysphonia
hoarseness usually caused by laryngitis
dyspnea
difficult breathing
emphysema
chronic hyperinflation of air saces; usu. caused by prolonged smoking
empyema
pus in pleural cavity
epiglottitis
inflammation of epiglottis
epistaxis
bleeding from nose; usu. from trauma or sudden blood vessel rupture
eupnea
normal breathing
hemoptysis
lung or bronchial hemorrhage, resulting in spitting blood
hemothorax
blood in pleural cavity
hypercapnia
excessive buildup of CO2 in lungs, usu. assoc. w/ not breathing
hyperpnea
abnormally deep breathing
hyperventilation
abnormally fast breathing, often assoc. w/ anxiety
hypopnea
shallow breathing
hypoventilation
abnormally low movement of air in and out of lungs
hypoxemia
deficient oxygen in blood
hypoxia
deficient oxygen in tissue
laryngitis
inflammation of larynx
laryngospasm
sudden contraction of larynx, which may cause coughing and restrict breathing
laryngotracheobronchitis
inflammation of larynx, trachea, bronchi
mesothelioma
rare cancer of lungs, assoc. with asbestos
orthopnea
difficulty breathing, esp. when lying down. Degree in terms of # of pillows before normal breathing
pansinusitus
inflammation of all sinuses
paroxysmal
sudden, as a spasm or convulsion
pertussis OR 'whooping cough'
severe infection of pharynx, larynx, and trachea, caused by bacteria
pharyngitis OR 'sore throat'
inflammation of pharynx
pleural effusion
escape of fluid into the pleural cavity
pneumoconiosis
lung condition caused by inhaling dust
pneumonia
acute infection of alveoli
pneumothorax
accumulation of air or gas in pleural cavity
pulmonary abscess
large collection of pus in the lungs
pulmonary edema
fluid in the air sacs and bronchioles usu. caused by failure of heart to pump enough blood to and from lungs
rhonchi OR 'wheezes'
whistling sounds heard on inspiration in certain breathing disorders
silicosis
lung condition caused by silica dust from grinding rocs, glass, or other manufacturing material
singultus OR hiccuping
from Latin, singult, "the act of catching one's breath while sobbing."
stridor
high pitched crowing sound heard in certain respiratory conditions
tachypnea
abnormally fast breathing
-centesis
the act of puncturing a body cavity or organ with a hollow needle in order to draw out.
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