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Divided Government
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One party controls the White House and another party controls one or both houses of Congress
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Divided Government
One party controls the White House and another party controls one or both houses of Congress
Unified government
The same party controls the White house and both houses in Congress
Gridlock
The inability of the government to act because rival parties control different parts of the government
Electoral college
The people chosen to cast each state's votes in a presidential election. Each stat can cast one electoral vote for each senator and representative it has. The Distict of Columbia has three electoral votes, even though cannot elect a representative or senor.
Pyramid structure
A president's subordinates report to him through a clear chin of command headed by a chief of staff. Provides orderly flow of information and decisions, but can isolate or misinform the president.
Circular structure
Several of the president's assistants report directly to him. Keeps the president well informed, but can be confusing and conflicting among cabinet secretaries and assistants.
Ad hoc structure
Several subordinates, cabinet officers, and committees report directly to the president on different matters. Allows for flexibility, minimizes bureaucratic inertia, and generates ideas and information from disparate channels, but can cut he president off from the government officials who are responsible for translating presidential decisions into policy proposals and administrative action.
Cabinet
The heads of the fifteen executive branch departments of the federal government
Bully pulpit
The president's use of his prestige and visibility to guide or enthuse the American public.
Veto message
A message from the president to Congress stating that he will not sign a bill it has passed. Must be produced within ten days of the bill's passage.
Pocket veto
A bill fails to become law because the preside did not sign it within ten days before Congress adjourns
Line-item veto
An executive's ability to block a particular provision in a bill passed by the legislature.
Executive privilege
The claim that the president has the privilege to divulge private communications between himself and his principal advisers
US v. Nixon
There is no "absolute unqualified Presidential privilege of immunity from judicial process under all circumstances."
Budget Reform Act of 1974
Requires the president to spend all appropriated funds unless h first tells Congress what funds he wishes not to spend and Congress(within 40 days) agrees to delete the items
Legislative veto
The authority of Congress to block a presidential action after it has taken lace. The Supreme Court has held t Congress does not have this power.
Impeachment
Charges against a president approved by a majority of the House of Representatives.
Lame duck
A person still in office after he or e has lost a bid for reelection
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