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Nation where English Protestant rulers employed brutal tactics against the local Catholic population
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Ireland
Nation where English Protestant rulers employed brutal tactics against the local Catholic population
Roanoke Island
Island colony founded by Sir Walter Raleigh that mysteriously disappeared in the 1580s
Philip II's "Invincible Armada"
Naval invaders defeated by English "sea dogs" in 1588
The Joint Stock Company
Forerunner of the modern corporation that enabled investors to pool financial capital for colonial ventures
1st & 2nd Anglo Powhatan Wars
Name of two wars, fought in 1614 and 1644, between the English in Jamestown and the nearby Indian leader
Barbados Slave Code of 1661
The harsh system of laws governing African labor, first developed in Barbados and later officially adopted by South Carolina in 1696
Charter
Royal document granting a specified group the right to form a colony and guaranteeing settlers their rights as English citizens
Indentured Servants
Penniless people obligated to engage in unpaid labor for a fixed number of years, usually in exchange for passage to the New World or other benefits
Iroqois
Powerful Indian confederation that dominated New York and the eastern Great Lakes area; comprised of several peoples (not the Algonquians)
Squatters
Poor farmers in South Carolina and elsewhere who occupied land and raised crops without gaining title to soil
Royal Colony
Term for a colony under direct control of the English king or queen
Tobacco
The primary staple crop of early Virginia, Maryland and North Carolina
South Carolina
The only southern colony with a slave majority
Rice
The primary plantation crop of South Carolina
Savannah
A melting-pot town in early colonial Georgia
Powhatan
Indian leader who ruled tribes in the James River area of Virginia
Raleigh & Gilbert
Elizabethan courtiers who failed in their attempts to found New World colonies.
Roanoke
The failed "lost colony" founded by Sir Walter Raleigh
Smith & Rolfe
Virginia leader "saved" by Pocahantas and the prominent settler who married her
Virginia
Colony that established a House of Burgesses in 1619
Maryland
Founded as a haven for Roman Catholics
Lord De La Warr
Harsh military governor of Virginia who employed "Irish tactics" against the Indians
Jamaica & Barbados
British West Indian sugar colonies where large scale plantations and slavery took root
Lord Baltimore
The Catholic aristocrat who sought to build a sanctuary for his fellow believers
South Carolina
Colony that turned to disease-resistant African slaves for labor in its extensive rice plantations.
North Carolina
Colony that was called "a vale of humility between two mountains of conceit"
Georgia
Founded as a refuge for debtors by philanthropists
James Oglethorpe
Philanthropic soldier statesman who founded the Georgia colony.
Elizabeth I
The unmarried ruler who permanently established English Protestantism and fought the Catholic Spanish
Jamestown
Riverbank site where Virginia Company settlers planted the first permanent English colony
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