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a form of fiscal federalism where federal aid is given to the states with few strings attached.
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Block grants
a form of fiscal federalism where federal aid is given to the states with few strings attached.
Categorical grants
include project and formula grants and aim at assisting the states in areas such as health, income security, and education.
Commerce clause
Article I Section 8 Clause 3 of the Constitution giving Congress the authority to regulate interstate commerce and commerce with foreign countries.
Creative federalism
developed during President Lyndon Johnson's administration, it was characterized by the Great Society programs, which placed a major responsibility on federally funded programs.
Devolution
political theory of returning power to the states.
Dual federalism
the earliest type of relationship established between the federal government and the states where the federal government's powers were defined as delegated and the state government's powers were reserved.
Fiscal federalism
a concept of federalism where funding is appropriated by the federal government to the states with specific conditions attached. The legislation can be in the form of mandates.
Funded mandates
those regulations passed by Congress or issued by regulatory agencies to the states with federal funds to support them.
Layer cake federalism
federalism characterized by a national government exercising its power independently from state governments.
Marble cake federalism
also known as cooperative federalism, it developed during the New Deal and is characterized by the federal government's becoming more intrusive in what was traditionally states' powers.
McCulloch v. Maryland (1819)
case that established the principle that the federal government was supreme over the state.
New federalism
political theory first espoused by Richard Nixon and carried out by Ronald Reagan. It advocates the downsizing of the federal government and the devolution of power to the states.
Unfunded mandates
those regulations passed by Congress or issued by regulatory agencies to the states without federal funds to support them.
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