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Action that unlocks the foot to make it mobile
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Pronation
Action that unlocks the foot to make it mobile
Supination
Locks joints of the foot.
Rearfoot
Region of foot consisting of the calcaneous and talus
Midfoot
Region of foot consisting of the navicular, cuboid and cuneiforms
Forefoot
Region of foot consisting of the metatarsals and phalanges
Tarsus
Composed of 7 bones that form the rearfoot and midfoot
Talus and Calcaneus
Body weight is carried primarily on these 2 bones of the foot
Talus
Articulates with the tibia and fibula superiorly (ankle mortice) and the calcaneus inferiorly (subtalar joint)
Calcaneous
Forms heal of the foot, largest bone of the foot
Calcaneous
Articulates with talus (superiorly), cuboid (distally) and navicular (medially)
Talus
Second largest of bones of foot; articulates with the tibia (superiorly), fibula (laterally), calcaneous (inferiorly) and navicular (anteriorly)
Talus
Has no muscular insertions but is "caged" in by many tendons crossing the ankle. It is also the bone with four surfaces that has been used in the past as dice
Cuboid
cube shaped at lateral side of foot
Navicular
Boat shaped medial tarsal; navicular tubercle on medial surface
Cuneiforms
3 medial tarsal bones between navicular, metatarsals and cuboid
Ball of Foot
Enlarged head (distal end) of the 1st metatarsal forms this fleshy prominence
Lateral Longitudinal Arch
Arch located on lateral side of foot; cuboid is the keystone of this arch
Medial Longitudinal Arch
Arch located on the medial side of the foot; talus is the keystone of this arch. This arch does not show in footprints in the sand since it is higher than the other arch
Transverse Arch
Arch that runs obliquely from one side of the foot to the other at level of distal tarsals and metatarsals
Pronation / Supination
Occurs at the subtalar joint (talocalcaneal joint)
Pronation of Foot
Combined motion of eversion, abduction and dorsiflexion; causes other motions in the leg and foot: talus slides anterior on the calcaneus, tibia rotates medially, femur is adducted
Supination of Foot
Combined motion of inversion, adduction and plantarflexion
Superficial Muscles of the Plantar Aspect of the Foot
These muscles are similar to the corresponding muscles of the hand.
Lateral Ankle Ligaments
These ligaments limit inversion
Anterior Talo Fibular Ligament (ATF)
Most common sprained ankle ligament
Posterior Talo Fibular (PTF) Ligament
Limits inversion on the posterior side
Calcaneofibular (CF) Ligament
Limits inversion; articulates with the distal end of the fibula and superiolateral end of the calcaneus
Medial Ankle Ligaments
Ligaments that limit eversion
Deltoid Ligament
Ligament shaped like a triangle located inferior to the medial malleolus
Tibiocalcaneal Ligament
Ligament that articulates with the sustentaculum tali inferiorly and the medial malleolus superiorly
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