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Gormless
beyond stupid
Microbiology
study of small life
Domains
kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, and species
Loba loba
wolf
how many species are there
1.9 million
Taxonomy
names species
Kingdoms
plantae, animalia, fungi, archaebacterial, eubacteria, protista
Archaebacterial and Eubacteria
unicellular prokaryotes
Eubacteria
protozoans, photosynthesis, slim molds
Protozoans
animal cells- ingestions- from food
Photosynthesis
plant cells, algae
Slim Molds
fungal cells, absorption
Plantae
photosynthesis
Animalia
ingestion
Fungi
absorption
Plantae, Animalia and Fungi
multicellular eukaryotic
2 Phyla
plantyhelminthes, Nematoda
Plantyhelminthes
flatworms (tape worms/ flukes) eggs larvae
Nematoda
Roundworms- eggs and larvae
Fungi
Spores and yeasts- single celled fungus
Plantae
Pollen
Viruses
not alive- no cells, but still count
Infectious Protein
Prions
Variolamajor
smallpox
Variolaminor
cowpox
Variolation
protection
How did the idea of spontaneous generation come about?
People came to believe that living organisms arise from nonliving matter because they would see flies coming out of manure and maggots coming out of dead animals and see microorganisms appear in liquids after a day or two
Biological Control of Pests
Certain microorganisms cuase disease in insects. Microorganisms that kill insects can be effective biological control agents because they are specific for the pest and do not persist in the environment
Recycling of Elements
Carbon, oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur and phosphorus are required for all living organisms. Microorganisms convert these elements into forms that are useful for other organisms.
Sewage treatment
Organic matter in sewage is decomposed by bacteria into carbon dioxide, nitrates, phosphates, sulfate and other inorganic compounds in a wastewater treatment plant
Human Insulin Productions
Recombinant DNA techniques have resulted in insertion of the gene for insulin production into bacteria
Vaccine Production
Microorganisms can be used as vaccines
Koch
germ theory of disease- streaking for isolation - mycobacterium tuberculosis
Neisser
Neissena gonorrheae
Hess
Ager media
Petri
petri dish
Ehrich
syphilis
1928- Fleming
Penicillin- antibiotic- first to observe cells in plant material
1970
antibiotic resistance
Griffith
Transformation in bacteria
Lancefield
crystalized virus
Delbruck and Luna
viral infection of bacteria
Watson and Crick
DNA structure
Stewart
viral cause of cancer
1992
6 kingdom
1997
prions and virons
Prokaryotic Cell
eubacteria and archae bacteria
All bacteria have
cytoplasm, nuclear area containing DNA, ribosome, cell, wall, plasma membrane
Ribosome Function
protein synthesis
DNA
codes for proteins
How did the idea of spontaneous generation come about?
many scientists and philosophers believed that some forms of life could arise spontaneously from nonliving matter, because they would see flies coming out of manure and maggots coming out of dead animals and see mecroorgansisms appear in liquids after a day or two
Algae
cell wall made of cellulose; photosynthetic
Bacteria
cell wall made of peptidoglycan
Fungi
cell wall made of chitin
Protozoa
complex cell structure lacking a cell wall
Viruses
not composed of cells
How did the theory of biogenesis lead the way for the germ theory of disease
it claimed that living cells can arise only from preexisting living cells, and the germ theory of disease is that microorganisms might cause disease
Hooke- 1665
makes 1st microscope- 1st person to look at cells- "cork"- plant material
Van Leeuwenhoek
1st observed living cells- animalquels
Linnaeus
nomenclature for organisms- genus species- 1735
Jenner
1st vaccine- smallpox
Pasteur
defined equation for fermentation- disproved spontaneous generation- swan neck flask- pasteurization
Pasteurization
kills pathogens
Normal Microbiota
microorganisms that are found in and on the human body. They do not usually cause disease and can be beneficial
Fermentaion
convert without oxygen
Lister
aseptic Surgery
Abbe
oil immersion lens
Gram
gram-staining procedure
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